TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 103 - ROBBERY AND BURGLARY
HEAD
Sec. 2113. Bank robbery and incidental crimes
STATUTE
(a) Whoever, by force and violence, or by intimidation, takes, or
attempts to take, from the person or presence of another, or
obtains or attempts to obtain by extortion any property or money or
any other thing of value belonging to, or in the care, custody,
control, management, or possession of, any bank, credit union, or
any savings and loan association; or
Whoever enters or attempts to enter any bank, credit union, or
any savings and loan association, or any building used in whole or
in part as a bank, credit union, or as a savings and loan
association, with intent to commit in such bank, credit union, or
in such savings and loan association, or building, or part thereof,
so used, any felony affecting such bank, credit union, or such
savings and loan association and in violation of any statute of the
United States, or any larceny -
Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than
twenty years, or both.
(b) Whoever takes and carries away, with intent to steal or
purloin, any property or money or any other thing of value
exceeding $1,000 belonging to, or in the care, custody, control,
management, or possession of any bank, credit union, or any savings
and loan association, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned
not more than ten years, or both; or
Whoever takes and carries away, with intent to steal or purloin,
any property or money or any other thing of value not exceeding
$1,000 belonging to, or in the care, custody, control, management,
or possession of any bank, credit union, or any savings and loan
association, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more
than one year, or both.
(c) Whoever receives, possesses, conceals, stores, barters,
sells, or disposes of, any property or money or other thing of
value which has been taken or stolen from a bank, credit union, or
savings and loan association in violation of subsection (b),
knowing the same to be property which has been stolen shall be
subject to the punishment provided in subsection (b) for the taker.
(d) Whoever, in committing, or in attempting to commit, any
offense defined in subsections (a) and (b) of this section,
assaults any person, or puts in jeopardy the life of any person by
the use of a dangerous weapon or device, shall be fined under this
title or imprisoned not more than twenty-five years, or both.
(e) Whoever, in committing any offense defined in this section,
or in avoiding or attempting to avoid apprehension for the
commission of such offense, or in freeing himself or attempting to
free himself from arrest or confinement for such offense, kills any
person, or forces any person to accompany him without the consent
of such person, shall be imprisoned not less than ten years, or if
death results shall be punished by death or life imprisonment.
(f) As used in this section the term "bank" means any member bank
of the Federal Reserve System, and any bank, banking association,
trust company, savings bank, or other banking institution organized
or operating under the laws of the United States, including a
branch or agency of a foreign bank (as such terms are defined in
paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 1(b) of the International Banking
Act of 1978), and any institution the deposits of which are insured
by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
(g) As used in this section the term "credit union" means any
Federal credit union and any State-chartered credit union the
accounts of which are insured by the National Credit Union
Administration Board, and any "Federal credit union" as defined in
section 2 of the Federal Credit Union Act. The term "State-
chartered credit union" includes a credit union chartered under
the laws of a State of the United States, the District of Columbia,
or any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.
(h) As used in this section, the term "savings and loan
association" means -
(1) a Federal savings association or State savings association
(as defined in section 3(b) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act
(12 U.S.C. 1813(b))) having accounts insured by the Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation; and
(2) a corporation described in section 3(b)(1)(C) of the
Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813(b)(1)(C)) that is
operating under the laws of the United States.
SOURCE
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 796; Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 516, 64
Stat. 394; Apr. 8, 1952, ch. 164, 66 Stat. 46; Pub. L. 86-354, Sec.
2, Sept. 22, 1959, 73 Stat. 639; Pub. L. 91-468, Sec. 8, Oct. 19,
1970, 84 Stat. 1017; Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 1106, Oct. 12,
1984, 98 Stat. 2145; Pub. L. 99-646, Sec. 68, Nov. 10, 1986, 100
Stat. 3616; Pub. L. 101-73, title IX, Sec. 962(a)(7), (d), Aug. 9,
1989, 103 Stat. 502, 503; Pub. L. 101-647, title XXV, Sec. 2597(l),
Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4911; Pub. L. 103-322, title VI, Sec.
60003(a)(9), title XXXII, Sec. 320608, title XXXIII, Sec.
330016(1)(K), (L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1969, 2120, 2147; Pub.
L. 104-294, title VI, Secs. 606(a), 607(d), Oct. 11, 1996, 110
Stat. 3511; Pub. L. 107-273, div. B, title IV, Sec.
4002(d)(1)(C)(ii), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1809.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on sections 588a, 588b, 588c, of title 12, U.S.C., 1940
ed., Banks and Banking (May 18, 1934, ch. 304, Secs. 1, 2, 3, 48
Stat. 783; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, Sec. 333, 49 Stat. 720; Aug. 24,
1937, ch. 747, 50 Stat. 749; June 29, 1940, ch. 455, 54 Stat. 695).
Section consolidates sections 588a, 588b, and 588c of title 12,
U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, as suggested by United States
Attorney Clyde O. Eastus, of Fort Worth, Tex.
Words "felony or larceny" in subsection (a) were changed to
"felony affecting such bank and in violation of any statute of the
United States, or any larceny".
Use of term "felony" without limitation caused confusion as to
whether a common law, State, or Federal felony was intended. Change
conforms with Jerome v. U.S. (1943, 63 S. Ct. 483, 318 U.S. 101, 87
L. Ed. 640): "Sec. 2(a) [Sec. 588b(a) of title 12, U.S.C., 1940
ed., Banks and Banking] is not deprived of vitality if it is
interpreted to exclude State felonies and to include only those
Federal felonies which affect banks protected by the Act."
Minimum punishment provisions were omitted from subsection (c).
(See reviser's note under section 203 of this title.) Also the
provisions of subsection (b) measuring the punishment by the amount
involved were extended and made applicable to the receiver as well
as the thief. There seems no good reason why the thief of less than
$100 should be liable to a maximum of imprisonment for one year and
the receiver subject to 10 years.
The figures "100" were substituted for "50" in view of the fact
that the present worth of $100 is less than the value of $50 when
that sum was fixed as the dividing line between petit larceny and
grand larceny.
The attention of Congress is directed to the mandatory minimum
punishment provisions of sections 2113(e) and 2114 of this title.
These were left unchanged because of the controversial question
involved. Such legislative attempts to control the discretion of
the sentencing judge are contrary to the opinions of experienced
criminologists and criminal law experts. They are calculated to
work manifest injustice in many cases.
Necessary minor translations of section references, and changes
in phraseology, were made.
REFERENCES IN TEXT
Section 1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978, referred
to in subsec. (f), is classified to section 3101 of Title 12, Banks
and Banking.
Section 2 of the Federal Credit Union Act, referred to in subsec.
(g), is classified to section 1752 of Title 12.
AMENDMENTS
2002 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107-273 substituted "under this
title" for "not more than $1,000" in last par.
1996 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104-294, Sec. 606(a), substituted
"exceeding $1,000" for "exceeding $100" in two places.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104-294, Sec. 607(d), inserted at end "The
term 'State-chartered credit union' includes a credit union
chartered under the laws of a State of the United States, the
District of Columbia, or any commonwealth, territory, or possession
of the United States."
1994 - Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(K),
substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than
$5,000" in last par. of subsec. (a) and first par. of subsec. (b).
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(L), substituted
"fined under this title" for "fined not more than $10,000".
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 60003(a)(9), substituted "or
if death results shall be punished by death or life imprisonment"
for "or punished by death if the verdict of the jury shall so
direct".
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 320608, added subsec. (h).
1990 - Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101-647 inserted "including a branch
or agency of a foreign bank (as such terms are defined in
paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 1(b) of the International Banking
Act of 1978)," after "operating under the laws of the United
States,".
1989 - Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101-73, Sec. 962(d)(1), substituted
"any institution the deposits of which" for "any bank the deposits
of which".
Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 101-73, Sec. 962(a)(7), (d)(2), (3),
redesignated subsec. (h) as (g), substituted "National Credit Union
Administration Board, and any 'Federal credit union' as defined in
section 2 of the Federal Credit Union Act" for "Administrator of
the National Credit Union Administration", and struck out former
subsec. (g) which read as follows: "As used in this section the
term 'savings and loan association' means any Federal savings and
loan association and any 'insured institution' as defined in
section 401 of the National Housing Act, as amended, and any
'Federal credit union' as defined in section 2 of the Federal
Credit Union Act."
1986 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99-646 inserted ", or obtains or
attempts to obtain by extortion" after "presence of another" in
first par.
1984 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98-473 amended subsec. (c) generally,
substituting "which has been taken or stolen from a bank, credit
union, or savings and loan association in violation of subsection
(b), knowing the same to be property which has been stolen" for
"knowing the same to have been taken from a bank, credit union, or
a savings and loan association, in violation of subsection (b) of
this section".
1970 - Subsecs. (a) to (c). Pub. L. 91-468, Sec. 8(1), inserted
reference to "credit union" after "bank," each place it appears.
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 91-468, Sec. 8(2), added subsec. (h).
1959 - Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 86-354 included Federal credit unions
in definition of "savings and loan association".
1952 - Subsec. (g). Act Apr. 8, 1952, broadened definition of
"savings and loan association" by including any insured institution
as defined in section 401 of the National Housing Act, as amended.
1950 - Act Aug. 3, 1950, brought within section State-chartered
savings and loan associations whose accounts are insured by the
Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation.
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