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CITE

    42 USC Sec. 3631                                            01/08/2008

EXPCITE

    TITLE 42 - THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
    CHAPTER 45 - FAIR HOUSING
    SUBCHAPTER II - PREVENTION OF INTIMIDATION

HEAD

    Sec. 3631. Violations; penalties

STATUTE

      Whoever, whether or not acting under color of law, by force or
    threat of force willfully injuries, intimidates or interferes with,
    or attempts to injure, intimidate or interfere with -
        (a) any person because of his race, color, religion, sex,
      handicap (as such term is defined in section 3602 of this title),
      familial status (as such term is defined in section 3602 of this
      title), or national origin and because he is or has been selling,
      purchasing, renting, financing, occupying, or contracting or
      negotiating for the sale, purchase, rental, financing or
      occupation of any dwelling, or applying for or participating in
      any service, organization, or facility relating to the business
      of selling or renting dwellings; or
        (b) any person because he is or has been, or in order to
      intimidate such person or any other person or any class of
      persons from -
          (1) participating, without discrimination on account of race,
        color, religion, sex, handicap (as such term is defined in
        section 3602 of this title), familial status (as such term is
        defined in section 3602 of this title), or national origin, in
        any of the activities, services, organizations or facilities
        described in subsection (a) of this section; or
          (2) affording another person or class of persons opportunity
        or protection so to participate; or
        (c) any citizen because he is or has been, or in order to
      discourage such citizen or any other citizen from lawfully aiding
      or encouraging other persons to participate, without
      discrimination on account of race, color, religion, sex, handicap
      (as such term is defined in section 3602 of this title), familial
      status (as such term is defined in section 3602 of this title),
      or national origin, in any of the activities, services,
      organizations or facilities described in subsection (a) of this
      section, or participating lawfully in speech or peaceful assembly
      opposing any denial of the opportunity to so participate -
    shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than one year,
    or both; and if bodily injury results from the acts committed in
    violation of this section or if such acts include the use,
    attempted use, or threatened use of a dangerous weapon, explosives,
    or fire shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than
    ten years, or both; and if death results from the acts committed in
    violation of this section or if such acts include kidnapping or an
    attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or an attempt to commit
    aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill, shall be fined
    under title 18 or imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or
    both.

SOURCE

    (Pub. L. 90-284, title IX, Sec. 901, Apr. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 89;
    Pub. L. 93-383, title VIII, Sec. 808(b)(4), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat.
    729; Pub. L. 100-430, Sec. 9, Sept. 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 1635; Pub.
    L. 103-322, title XXXII, Sec. 320103(e), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat.
    2110; Pub. L. 104-294, title VI, Sec. 604(b)(15), (27), Oct. 11,
    1996, 110 Stat. 3507, 3508.)

AMENDMENTS

      1996 - Pub. L. 104-294, Sec. 604(b)(27), substituted "under title
    18" for "under this title" wherever appearing in closing
    provisions.
      Pub. L. 104-294, Sec. 604(b)(15), made technical amendment to
    directory language of Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 320103(e). See 1994
    Amendment note below.
      1994 - Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 320103(e)(1), as amended by Pub. L.
    104-294, Sec. 604(b)(15), which directed amendment in the caption
    by striking "bodily injury; death;", could not be executed because
    the words "bodily injury; death;" do not appear in the section
    catchline in the original.
      Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 320103(e)(2)-(7), as amended by Pub. L. 104-
    294, Sec. 604(b)(15), in concluding provisions, substituted "under
    this title" for "not more than $1,000," before "or imprisoned not
    more than one year", inserted "from the acts committed in violation
    of this section or if such acts include the use, attempted use, or
    threatened use of a dangerous weapon, explosives, or fire" after
    "bodily injury results", substituted "under this title" for "not
    more than $10,000," before "or imprisoned not more than ten years",
    inserted "from the acts committed in violation of this section or
    if such acts include kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated
    sexual abuse or an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an
    attempt to kill," after "death results", substituted "fined under
    this title or imprisoned" for "subject to imprisonment" before "for
    any term of years", and inserted ", or both" before period at end.
      1988 - Cls. (a), (b)(1), (c). Pub. L. 100-430 inserted ",
    handicap (as such term is defined in section 3602 of this title),
    familial status (as such term is defined in section 3602 of this
    title)," after "sex".
      1974 - Pub. L. 93-383 inserted ", sex" after "religion" wherever
    appearing in cls. (a), (b)(1), and (c).
                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT
      Amendment by Pub. L. 104-294 effective Sept. 13, 1994, see
    section 604(d) of Pub. L. 104-294, set out as a note under section
    13 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1988 AMENDMENT
      Amendment by Pub. L. 100-430 effective on 180th day beginning
    after Sept. 13, 1988, see section 13(a) of Pub. L. 100-430, set out
    as a note under section 3601 of this title.
                 FEDERALLY PROTECTED ACTIVITIES; PENALTIES
      Penalties for violations respecting federally protected
    activities not applicable to and not affecting activities under
    fair housing provisions of subchapter I of this chapter, see
    section 101(b) of Pub. L. 90-284, set out as a note under section
    245 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
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