TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART II - CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
CHAPTER 227 - SENTENCES
SUBCHAPTER D - IMPRISONMENT
HEAD
Sec. 3583. Inclusion of a term of supervised release after
imprisonment
STATUTE
(a) In General. - The court, in imposing a sentence to a term of
imprisonment for a felony or a misdemeanor, may include as a part
of the sentence a requirement that the defendant be placed on a
term of supervised release after imprisonment, except that the
court shall include as a part of the sentence a requirement that
the defendant be placed on a term of supervised release if such a
term is required by statute or if the defendant has been convicted
for the first time of a domestic violence crime as defined in
section 3561(b).
(b) Authorized Terms of Supervised Release. - Except as otherwise
provided, the authorized terms of supervised release are -
(1) for a Class A or Class B felony, not more than five years;
(2) for a Class C or Class D felony, not more than three years;
and
(3) for a Class E felony, or for a misdemeanor (other than a
petty offense), not more than one year.
(c) Factors To Be Considered in Including a Term of Supervised
Release. - The court, in determining whether to include a term of
supervised release, and, if a term of supervised release is to be
included, in determining the length of the term and the conditions
of supervised release, shall consider the factors set forth in
section 3553(a)(1), (a)(2)(B), (a)(2)(C), (a)(2)(D), (a)(4),
(a)(5), (a)(6), and (a)(7).
(d) Conditions of Supervised Release. - The court shall order, as
an explicit condition of supervised release, that the defendant not
commit another Federal, State, or local crime during the term of
supervision and that the defendant not unlawfully possess a
controlled substance. The court shall order as an explicit
condition of supervised release for a defendant convicted for the
first time of a domestic violence crime as defined in section
3561(b) that the defendant attend a public, private, or private
nonprofit offender rehabilitation program that has been approved by
the court, in consultation with a State Coalition Against Domestic
Violence or other appropriate experts, if an approved program is
readily available within a 50-mile radius of the legal residence of
the defendant. The court shall order, as an explicit condition of
supervised release for a person required to register under the Sex
Offender Registration and Notification Act, that the person comply
with the requirements of that Act. The court shall order, as an
explicit condition of supervised release, that the defendant
cooperate in the collection of a DNA sample from the defendant, if
the collection of such a sample is authorized pursuant to section 3
of the DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000. The court
shall also order, as an explicit condition of supervised release,
that the defendant refrain from any unlawful use of a controlled
substance and submit to a drug test within 15 days of release on
supervised release and at least 2 periodic drug tests thereafter
(as determined by the court) for use of a controlled substance. The
condition stated in the preceding sentence may be ameliorated or
suspended by the court as provided in section 3563(a)(4).(!1) The
results of a drug test administered in accordance with the
preceding subsection shall be subject to confirmation only if the
results are positive, the defendant is subject to possible
imprisonment for such failure, and either the defendant denies the
accuracy of such test or there is some other reason to question the
results of the test. A drug test confirmation shall be a urine drug
test confirmed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
techniques or such test as the Director of the Administrative
Office of the United States Courts after consultation with the
Secretary of Health and Human Services may determine to be of
equivalent accuracy. The court shall consider whether the
availability of appropriate substance abuse treatment programs, or
an individual's current or past participation in such programs,
warrants an exception in accordance with United States Sentencing
Commission guidelines from the rule of section 3583(g) when
considering any action against a defendant who fails a drug test.
The court may order, as a further condition of supervised release,
to the extent that such condition -
(1) is reasonably related to the factors set forth in section
3553(a)(1), (a)(2)(B), (a)(2)(C), and (a)(2)(D);
(2) involves no greater deprivation of liberty than is
reasonably necessary for the purposes set forth in section
3553(a)(2)(B), (a)(2)(C), and (a)(2)(D); and
(3) is consistent with any pertinent policy statements issued
by the Sentencing Commission pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 994(a);
any condition set forth as a discretionary condition of probation
in section 3563(b) and any other condition it considers to be
appropriate, provided, however that a condition set forth in
subsection 3563(b)(10) shall be imposed only for a violation of a
condition of supervised release in accordance with section
3583(e)(2) and only when facilities are available. If an alien
defendant is subject to deportation, the court may provide, as a
condition of supervised release, that he be deported and remain
outside the United States, and may order that he be delivered to a
duly authorized immigration official for such deportation. The
court may order, as an explicit condition of supervised release for
a person who is a felon and required to register under the Sex
Offender Registration and Notification Act, that the person submit
his person, and any property, house, residence, vehicle, papers,
computer, other electronic communications or data storage devices
or media, and effects to search at any time, with or without a
warrant, by any law enforcement or probation officer with
reasonable suspicion concerning a violation of a condition of
supervised release or unlawful conduct by the person, and by any
probation officer in the lawful discharge of the officer's
supervision functions.
(e) Modification of Conditions or Revocation. - The court may,
after considering the factors set forth in section 3553(a)(1),
(a)(2)(B), (a)(2)(C), (a)(2)(D), (a)(4), (a)(5), (a)(6), and (a)(7)
-
(1) terminate a term of supervised release and discharge the
defendant released at any time after the expiration of one year
of supervised release, pursuant to the provisions of the Federal
Rules of Criminal Procedure relating to the modification of
probation, if it is satisfied that such action is warranted by
the conduct of the defendant released and the interest of
justice;
(2) extend a term of supervised release if less than the
maximum authorized term was previously imposed, and may modify,
reduce, or enlarge the conditions of supervised release, at any
time prior to the expiration or termination of the term of
supervised release, pursuant to the provisions of the Federal
Rules of Criminal Procedure relating to the modification of
probation and the provisions applicable to the initial setting of
the terms and conditions of post-release supervision;
(3) revoke a term of supervised release, and require the
defendant to serve in prison all or part of the term of
supervised release authorized by statute for the offense that
resulted in such term of supervised release without credit for
time previously served on postrelease supervision, if the court,
pursuant to the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure applicable to
revocation of probation or supervised release, finds by a
preponderance of the evidence that the defendant violated a
condition of supervised release, except that a defendant whose
term is revoked under this paragraph may not be required to serve
on any such revocation more than 5 years in prison if the offense
that resulted in the term of supervised release is a class A
felony, more than 3 years in prison if such offense is a class B
felony, more than 2 years in prison if such offense is a class C
or D felony, or more than one year in any other case; or
(4) order the defendant to remain at his place of residence
during nonworking hours and, if the court so directs, to have
compliance monitored by telephone or electronic signaling
devices, except that an order under this paragraph may be imposed
only as an alternative to incarceration.
(f) Written Statement of Conditions. - The court shall direct
that the probation officer provide the defendant with a written
statement that sets forth all the conditions to which the term of
supervised release is subject, and that is sufficiently clear and
specific to serve as a guide for the defendant's conduct and for
such supervision as is required.
(g) Mandatory Revocation for Possession of Controlled Substance
or Firearm or for Refusal To Comply With Drug Testing. - If the
defendant -
(1) possesses a controlled substance in violation of the
condition set forth in subsection (d);
(2) possesses a firearm, as such term is defined in section 921
of this title, in violation of Federal law, or otherwise violates
a condition of supervised release prohibiting the defendant from
possessing a firearm;
(3) refuses to comply with drug testing imposed as a condition
of supervised release; or
(4) as a part of drug testing, tests positive for illegal
controlled substances more than 3 times over the course of 1
year;
the court shall revoke the term of supervised release and require
the defendant to serve a term of imprisonment not to exceed the
maximum term of imprisonment authorized under subsection (e)(3).
(h) Supervised Release Following Revocation. - When a term of
supervised release is revoked and the defendant is required to
serve a term of imprisonment, the court may include a requirement
that the defendant be placed on a term of supervised release after
imprisonment. The length of such a term of supervised release shall
not exceed the term of supervised release authorized by statute for
the offense that resulted in the original term of supervised
release, less any term of imprisonment that was imposed upon
revocation of supervised release.
(i) Delayed Revocation. - The power of the court to revoke a term
of supervised release for violation of a condition of supervised
release, and to order the defendant to serve a term of imprisonment
and, subject to the limitations in subsection (h), a further term
of supervised release, extends beyond the expiration of the term of
supervised release for any period reasonably necessary for the
adjudication of matters arising before its expiration if, before
its expiration, a warrant or summons has been issued on the basis
of an allegation of such a violation.
(j) Supervised Release Terms for Terrorism Predicates. -
Notwithstanding subsection (b), the authorized term of supervised
release for any offense listed in section 2332b(g)(5)(B) is any
term of years or life.
(k) Notwithstanding subsection (b), the authorized term of
supervised release for any offense under section 1201 involving a
minor victim, and for any offense under section 1591, 2241, 2242,
2243, 2244, 2245, 2250, 2251, 2251A, 2252, 2252A, 2260, 2421, 2422,
2423, or 2425, is any term of years not less than 5, or life. If a
defendant required to register under the Sex Offender Registration
and Notification Act commits any criminal offense under chapter
109A, 110, or 117, or section 1201 or 1591, for which imprisonment
for a term longer than 1 year can be imposed, the court shall
revoke the term of supervised release and require the defendant to
serve a term of imprisonment under subsection (e)(3) without regard
to the exception contained therein. Such term shall be not less
than 5 years.
SOURCE
(Added Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 212(a)(2), Oct. 12, 1984, 98
Stat. 1999; amended Pub. L. 99-570, title I, Sec. 1006(a)(1)-(3),
Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207-6; Pub. L. 99-646, Sec. 14(a), Nov.
10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3594; Pub. L. 100-182, Secs. 8, 9, 12, 25, Dec.
7, 1987, 101 Stat. 1267, 1268, 1272; Pub. L. 100-690, title VII,
Secs. 7108, 7303(b), 7305(b), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4418, 4464,
4465; Pub. L. 101-647, title XXXV, Sec. 3589, Nov. 29, 1990, 104
Stat. 4930; Pub. L. 103-322, title II, Sec. 20414(c), title XI,
Sec. 110505, title XXXII, Sec. 320921(c), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat.
1831, 2016, 2130; Pub. L. 105-119, title I, Sec. 115(a)(8)(B)(iv),
Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2466; Pub. L. 106-546, Sec. 7(b), Dec. 19,
2000, 114 Stat. 2734; Pub. L. 107-56, title VIII, Sec. 812, Oct.
26, 2001, 115 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 107-273, div. B, title II, Sec.
2103(b), title III, Sec. 3007, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1793, 1806;
Pub. L. 108-21, title I, Sec. 101, Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 651;
Pub. L. 109-177, title II, Sec. 212, Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 230;
Pub. L. 109-248, title I, Sec. 141(e), title II, Sec. 210(b), July
27, 2006, 120 Stat. 603, 615; Pub. L. 110-406, Sec. 14(b), Oct. 13,
2008, 122 Stat. 4294.)
REFERENCES IN TEXT
The Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act, referred to
in subsecs. (d) and (k), is title I of Pub. L. 109-248, July 27,
2006, 120 Stat. 590, which is classified principally to subchapter
I (Sec. 16901 et seq.) of chapter 151 of Title 42, The Public
Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the
Code, see Short Title note set out under section 16901 of Title 42
and Tables.
Section 3 of the DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000,
referred to in subsec. (d), is classified to section 14135a of
Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
Section 3563(a)(4), referred to in subsec. (d), probably means
the par. (4) of section 3563(a) added by section 20414(b)(3) of
Pub. L. 103-322, which was renumbered par. (5) by Pub. L. 104-132,
title II, Sec. 203(1)(C), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1227.
The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, referred to in subsec.
(e)(1), (2), (3), are set out in the Appendix to this title.
AMENDMENTS
2008 - Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110-406 substituted "section 3563(b)
and any other condition it considers to be appropriate, provided,
however that a condition set forth in subsection 3563(b)(10) shall
be imposed only for a violation of a condition of supervised
release in accordance with section 3583(e)(2) and only when
facilities are available." for "section 3563(b)(1) through (b)(10)
and (b)(12) through (b)(20), and any other condition it considers
to be appropriate." in concluding provisions.
2006 - Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109-248, Secs. 141(e)(1), 210(b),
substituted "required to register under the Sex Offender
Registration and Notification Act, that the person comply with the
requirements of that Act." for "described in section 4042(c)(4),
that the person report the address where the person will reside and
any subsequent change of residence to the probation officer
responsible for supervision, and that the person register in any
State where the person resides, is employed, carries on a vocation,
or is a student (as such terms are defined under section
170101(a)(3) of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act
of 1994)." in third sentence of introductory provisions and
inserted "The court may order, as an explicit condition of
supervised release for a person who is a felon and required to
register under the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act,
that the person submit his person, and any property, house,
residence, vehicle, papers, computer, other electronic
communications or data storage devices or media, and effects to
search at any time, with or without a warrant, by any law
enforcement or probation officer with reasonable suspicion
concerning a violation of a condition of supervised release or
unlawful conduct by the person, and by any probation officer in the
lawful discharge of the officer's supervision functions." at end of
concluding provisions.
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 109-177 struck out ", the commission of
which resulted in, or created a foreseeable risk of, death or
serious bodily injury to another person," before "is any term of
years or life."
Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 109-248, Sec. 141(e)(2), substituted "2243,
2244, 2245, 2250" for "2244(a)(1), 2244(a)(2)", inserted "not less
than 5," after "any term of years", and inserted "If a defendant
required to register under the Sex Offender Registration and
Notification Act commits any criminal offense under chapter 109A,
110, or 117, or section 1201 or 1591, for which imprisonment for a
term longer than 1 year can be imposed, the court shall revoke the
term of supervised release and require the defendant to serve a
term of imprisonment under subsection (e)(3) without regard to the
exception contained therein. Such term shall be not less than 5
years." at end.
2003 - Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 108-21, Sec. 101(1), inserted "on
any such revocation" after "required to serve".
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 108-21, Sec. 101(2), struck out "that is
less than the maximum term of imprisonment authorized under
subsection (e)(3)" after "required to serve a term of
imprisonment".
Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 108-21, Sec. 101(3), added subsec. (k).
2002 - Subsecs. (c), (e). Pub. L. 107-273, Sec. 3007, substituted
"(a)(6), and (a)(7)" for "and (a)(6)".
Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 107-273, Sec. 2103(b), added par. (4).
2001 - Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 107-56 added subsec. (j).
2000 - Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106-546 inserted "The court shall
order, as an explicit condition of supervised release, that the
defendant cooperate in the collection of a DNA sample from the
defendant, if the collection of such a sample is authorized
pursuant to section 3 of the DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act
of 2000." before "The court shall also order,".
1997 - Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105-119 inserted after second
sentence "The court shall order, as an explicit condition of
supervised release for a person described in section 4042(c)(4),
that the person report the address where the person will reside and
any subsequent change of residence to the probation officer
responsible for supervision, and that the person register in any
State where the person resides, is employed, carries on a vocation,
or is a student (as such terms are defined under section
170101(a)(3) of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act
of 1994)."
1994 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 320921(c)(1), inserted
before period at end "or if the defendant has been convicted for
the first time of a domestic violence crime as defined in section
3561(b)".
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 320921(c)(2), inserted after
first sentence "The court shall order as an explicit condition of
supervised release for a defendant convicted for the first time of
a domestic violence crime as defined in section 3561(b) that the
defendant attend a public, private, or private nonprofit offender
rehabilitation program that has been approved by the court, in
consultation with a State Coalition Against Domestic Violence or
other appropriate experts, if an approved program is readily
available within a 50-mile radius of the legal residence of the
defendant."
Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 20414(c), inserted after first sentence
"The court shall also order, as an explicit condition of supervised
release, that the defendant refrain from any unlawful use of a
controlled substance and submit to a drug test within 15 days of
release on supervised release and at least 2 periodic drug tests
thereafter (as determined by the court) for use of a controlled
substance. The condition stated in the preceding sentence may be
ameliorated or suspended by the court as provided in section
3563(a)(4). The results of a drug test administered in accordance
with the preceding subsection shall be subject to confirmation only
if the results are positive, the defendant is subject to possible
imprisonment for such failure, and either the defendant denies the
accuracy of such test or there is some other reason to question the
results of the test. A drug test confirmation shall be a urine drug
test confirmed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
techniques or such test as the Director of the Administrative
Office of the United States Courts after consultation with the
Secretary of Health and Human Services may determine to be of
equivalent accuracy. The court shall consider whether the
availability of appropriate substance abuse treatment programs, or
an individual's current or past participation in such programs,
warrants an exception in accordance with United States Sentencing
Commission guidelines from the rule of section 3583(g) when
considering any action against a defendant who fails a drug test."
Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 110505(1), substituted "unlawfully possess
a controlled substance" for "possess illegal controlled substances"
in first sentence.
Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 110505(2)(A), substituted
"defendant" for "person" in two places.
Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 110505(2)(B), amended par.
(3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows:
"revoke a term of supervised release, and require the person to
serve in prison all or part of the term of supervised release
without credit for time previously served on postrelease
supervision, if it finds by a preponderance of the evidence that
the person violated a condition of supervised release, pursuant to
the provisions of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure that are
applicable to probation revocation and to the provisions of
applicable policy statements issued by the Sentencing Commission,
except that a person whose term is revoked under this paragraph may
not be required to serve more than 3 years in prison if the offense
for which the person was convicted was a Class B felony, or more
than 2 years in prison if the offense was a Class C or D felony;
or".
Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 110505(2)(A), substituted
"defendant" for "person".
Subsecs. (g) to (i). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 110505(3), added
subsecs. (g) to (i) and struck out former subsec. (g) which read as
follows:
"(g) Possession of Controlled Substances. - If the defendant is
found by the court to be in the possession of a controlled
substance, the court shall terminate the term of supervised release
and require the defendant to serve in prison not less than one-
third of the term of supervised release."
1990 - Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 3589(1), inserted a
comma after "3553(a)(2)(B)".
Subsec. (e)(2) to (5). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 3589(2)(A)-(C),
struck out "or" at end of par. (2), substituted "; or" for period
at end of par. (3), and redesignated par. (5) as (4).
1988 - Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7303(b)(1), inserted
"and that the defendant not possess illegal controlled substances"
before period at end of first sentence.
Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7305(b)(1), substituted "(b)(20)" for
"(b)(19)" in concluding provisions.
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7108(a)(1), inserted
"(a)(2)(C)," after "(a)(2)(B),".
Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7108(a)(2), which directed
that "(a)(2)(C)," be inserted after "(a)(2)(B),", was executed by
inserting "(a)(2)(C)," after "(a)(2)(B)" as the probable intent of
Congress, because no comma appeared after "(a)(2)(B)".
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7108(b)(1), inserted
"(a)(2)(C)," after "(a)(2)(B)," in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7108(b)(2), inserted "or"
after "supervision;".
Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7305(b)(2)(A), which
directed amendment of par. (3) by striking "or" at the end could
not be executed because of the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 100-
690, Sec. 7108(b)(3), (4). See below.
Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7108(b)(3), (4), redesignated par. (4) as
(3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "treat a
violation of a condition of a term of supervised release as
contempt of court pursuant to section 401(3) of this title; or".
Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7305(b)(2)(B), which
directed amendment of par. (4) by striking the period at the end
and inserting "; or" could not be executed because subsec. (e) did
not contain a par. (4) after the intervening amendment by Pub. L.
100-690, Sec. 7108(b)(4). See below.
Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7108(b)(4), redesignated par. (4) as (3).
Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7305(b)(2)(C), added par.
(5).
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7303(b)(2), added subsec. (g).
1987 - Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 100-182, Sec. 8(1), substituted
"five years" for "three years".
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 100-182, Sec. 8(2), substituted "three
years" for "two years".
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 100-182, Sec. 8(3), inserted "(other than
a petty offense)" after "misdemeanor".
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100-182, Sec. 9, inserted "(a)(2)(C),".
Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 100-182, Sec. 12(1), inserted "pursuant
to the provisions of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure
relating to the modification of probation,".
Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 100-182, Sec. 12(2), struck out "after a
hearing," before "extend a term" and inserted "the provisions of
the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure relating to the
modification of probation and" after "pursuant to".
Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 100-182, Sec. 25, inserted ", except that
a person whose term is revoked under this paragraph may not be
required to serve more than 3 years in prison if the offense for
which the person was convicted was a Class B felony, or more than 2
years in prison if the offense was a Class C or D felony" before
"Commission" at end.
1986 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99-570, Sec. 1006(a)(1), inserted ",
except that the court shall include as a part of the sentence a
requirement that the defendant be placed on a term of supervised
release if such a term is required by statute".
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99-570, Sec. 1006(a)(2), substituted "Except
as otherwise provided, the" for "The".
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99-570, Sec. 1006(a)(3)(A), and Pub. L. 99-
646, Sec. 14(a)(1), amended section catchline identically,
substituting "conditions or revocation" for "term or conditions".
Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 99-646, Sec. 14(a)(2), struck out
"previously ordered" before "and discharge".
Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 99-570, Sec. 224(a)(3)(B)-(D), added par.
(4).
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1997 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 105-119 effective 1 year after Nov. 26,
1997, see section 115(c)(1) of Pub. L. 105-119, set out as a note
under section 14071 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1988 AMENDMENT
Amendment by section 7303(b) of Pub. L. 100-690 applicable with
respect to persons whose probation, supervised release, or parole
begins after Dec. 31, 1988, see section 7303(d) of Pub. L. 100-690,
set out as a note under section 3563 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1987 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 100-182 applicable with respect to offenses
committed after Dec. 7, 1987, see section 26 of Pub. L. 100-182,
set out as a note under section 3006A of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1986 AMENDMENTS
Section 14(b) of Pub. L. 99-646 provided that: "The amendments
made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on
the date of the taking effect of section 3583 of title 18, United
States Code [Nov. 1, 1987]."
Section 1006(a)(4) of Pub. L. 99-570 provided that: "The
amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] shall
take effect on the date of the taking effect of section 3583 of
title 18, United States Code [Nov. 1, 1987]."
EFFECTIVE DATE
Section effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses
committed after the taking effect of this section, see section
235(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98-473, set out as a note under section 3551
of this title.
FOOTNOTE
(!1) See References in Text note below.
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