TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 2 - AIRCRAFT AND MOTOR VEHICLES
HEAD
Sec. 32. Destruction of aircraft or aircraft facilities
STATUTE
(a) Whoever willfully -
(1) sets fire to, damages, destroys, disables, or wrecks any
aircraft in the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United
States or any civil aircraft used, operated, or employed in
interstate, overseas, or foreign air commerce;
(2) places or causes to be placed a destructive device or
substance in, upon, or in proximity to, or otherwise makes or
causes to be made unworkable or unusable or hazardous to work or
use, any such aircraft, or any part or other materials used or
intended to be used in connection with the operation of such
aircraft, if such placing or causing to be placed or such making
or causing to be made is likely to endanger the safety of any
such aircraft;
(3) sets fire to, damages, destroys, or disables any air
navigation facility, or interferes by force or violence with the
operation of such facility, if such fire, damaging, destroying,
disabling, or interfering is likely to endanger the safety of any
such aircraft in flight;
(4) with the intent to damage, destroy, or disable any such
aircraft, sets fire to, damages, destroys, or disables or places
a destructive device or substance in, upon, or in proximity to,
any appliance or structure, ramp, landing area, property,
machine, or apparatus, or any facility or other material used, or
intended to be used, in connection with the operation,
maintenance, loading, unloading or storage of any such aircraft
or any cargo carried or intended to be carried on any such
aircraft;
(5) interferes with or disables, with intent to endanger the
safety of any person or with a reckless disregard for the safety
of human life, anyone engaged in the authorized operation of such
aircraft or any air navigation facility aiding in the navigation
of any such aircraft;
(6) performs an act of violence against or incapacitates any
individual on any such aircraft, if such act of violence or
incapacitation is likely to endanger the safety of such aircraft;
(7) communicates information, knowing the information to be
false and under circumstances in which such information may
reasonably be believed, thereby endangering the safety of any
such aircraft in flight; or
(8) attempts or conspires to do anything prohibited under
paragraphs (1) through (7) of this subsection;
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty
years or both.
(b) Whoever willfully -
(1) performs an act of violence against any individual on board
any civil aircraft registered in a country other than the United
States while such aircraft is in flight, if such act is likely to
endanger the safety of that aircraft;
(2) destroys a civil aircraft registered in a country other
than the United States while such aircraft is in service or
causes damage to such an aircraft which renders that aircraft
incapable of flight or which is likely to endanger that
aircraft's safety in flight;
(3) places or causes to be placed on a civil aircraft
registered in a country other than the United States while such
aircraft is in service, a device or substance which is likely to
destroy that aircraft, or to cause damage to that aircraft which
renders that aircraft incapable of flight or which is likely to
endanger that aircraft's safety in flight; or
(4) attempts or conspires to commit an offense described in
paragraphs (1) through (3) of this subsection;
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty
years, or both. There is jurisdiction over an offense under this
subsection if a national of the United States was on board, or
would have been on board, the aircraft; an offender is a national
of the United States; or an offender is afterwards found in the
United States. For purposes of this subsection, the term "national
of the United States" has the meaning prescribed in section
101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act.
(c) Whoever willfully imparts or conveys any threat to do an act
which would violate any of paragraphs (1) through (6) of subsection
(a) or any of paragraphs (1) through (3) of subsection (b) of this
section, with an apparent determination and will to carry the
threat into execution shall be fined under this title or imprisoned
not more than five years, or both.
SOURCE
(Added July 14, 1956, ch. 595, Sec. 1, 70 Stat. 539; amended Pub.
L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 2013(b), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2187;
Pub. L. 100-690, title VII, Sec. 7016, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat.
4395; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(O), (S), Sept.
13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2148; Pub. L. 104-132, title VII, Secs. 721(b),
723(a)(1), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1298, 1300; Pub. L. 109-177,
title I, Sec. 123, Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 226.)
REFERENCES IN TEXT
Section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act,
referred to in subsec. (b), is classified to section 1101(a)(22) of
Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
AMENDMENTS
2006 - Subsec. (a)(5) to (7). Pub. L. 109-177, Sec. 123(1), (2),
added par. (5) and redesignated former pars. (5) and (6) as (6) and
(7), respectively. Former par. (7) redesignated (8).
Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 109-177, Sec. 123(1), (3), redesignated
par. (7) as (8) and substituted "paragraphs (1) through (7)" for
"paragraphs (1) through (6)".
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109-177, Sec. 123(4), substituted
"paragraphs (1) through (6)" for "paragraphs (1) through (5)".
1996 - Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 104-132, Sec. 723(a)(1), inserted
"or conspires" after "attempts".
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104-132, Sec. 721(b), in closing provisions,
struck out ", if the offender is later found in the United States,"
before "be fined under this title" and inserted at end "There is
jurisdiction over an offense under this subsection if a national of
the United States was on board, or would have been on board, the
aircraft; an offender is a national of the United States; or an
offender is afterwards found in the United States. For purposes of
this subsection, the term 'national of the United States' has the
meaning prescribed in section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act."
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 104-132, Sec. 723(a)(1), inserted "or
conspires" after "attempts".
1994 - Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(S),
substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than
$100,000" in concluding provisions.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(O), substituted
"fined under this title" for "fined not more than $25,000".
1988 - Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100-690 substituted "interfering"
for "intefering".
1984 - Pub. L. 98-473 amended section generally. Prior to
amendment section read as follows:
"Whoever willfully sets fire to, damages, destroys, disables, or
wrecks any civil aircraft used, operated, or employed in
interstate, overseas, or foreign air commerce; or
"Whoever willfully sets fire to, damages, destroys, disables, or
wrecks any aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, or spare part
with intent to damage, destroy, disable, or wreck any such
aircraft; or
"Whoever, with like intent, willfully places or causes to be
placed any destructive substance in, upon, or in proximity to any
such aircraft, or any aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, spare
part, fuel, lubricant, hydraulic fluid, or other material used or
intended to be used in connection with the operation of any such
aircraft, or any cargo carried or intended to be carried on any
such aircraft, or otherwise makes or causes to be made any such
aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, spare part, fuel,
lubricant, hydraulic fluid, or other material unworkable or
unusable or hazardous to work or use; or
"Whoever, with like intent, willfully sets fire to, damages,
destroys, disables, or wrecks, or places or causes to be placed any
destructive substance in, upon, or in proximity to any shop,
supply, structure, station, depot, terminal, hangar, ramp, landing
area, air-navigation facility or other facility, warehouse,
property, machine, or apparatus used or intended to be used in
connection with the operation, loading, or unloading of any such
aircraft or making any such aircraft ready for flight, or otherwise
makes or causes to be made any such shop, supply, structure,
station, depot, terminal, hangar, ramp, landing area, air-
navigation facility or other facility, warehouse, property,
machine, or apparatus unworkable or unusable or hazardous to work
or use; or
"Whoever, with like intent, willfully incapacitates any member of
the crew of any such aircraft; or
"Whoever willfully attempts to do any of the aforesaid acts or
things -
"shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than
twenty years, or both."
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 98-473 effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section
2015 of Pub. L. 98-473, set out as a note under section 31 of this
title.
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