Judge Michael A. Lewis

FY 2019 - 2024, Arlington Immigration Court

Published Nov 7, 2024

Michael A. Lewis was appointed as an Immigration Judge to begin hearing cases in December 2022. Judge Lewis earned a Bachelor of Science in 1992 from Bentley College and a Juris Doctor in 1995 from Boston College Law School. From 1995 to 2022, he served as an attorney, trial judge, and appellate judge with the U.S. Air Force in several locations, including: Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas; Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington; U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado; Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina; Ramstein Air Base, Germany; Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico; Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona; and Joint Base Andrews, Maryland. In 2022, he retired as a colonel from the U.S. Air Force, having last served as an appellate judge on the U.S. Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals. Judge Lewis is a member of the Massachusetts Bar.

Deciding Asylum Cases

Detailed data on decisions by Judge Lewis were examined for the period covering fiscal years 2019 through 2024. During this period, court records show that Judge Lewis decided 173 asylum claims on their merits. Of these, he granted asylum for 98, granted 1 other types of relief, and denied relief to 74. Converted to percentage terms, Lewis denied 42.8 percent and granted 57.2 percent of asylum cases (including forms of relief other than asylum).

Figure 1 provides a comparison of Judge Lewis's denial rate each fiscal year over this recent period. (Rates for years with less than 25 decisions are not shown.)

Nationwide Comparisons

Compared to Judge Lewis's denial rate of 42.8 percent, Immigration Court judges across the country denied 57.7 percent of asylum claims during this same period. Judges at the Arlington Immigration Court where Judge Lewis decided these cases denied asylum 54.6 percent of the time. See Figure 2.

Judge Lewis's asylum grant and denial rates are compared with other judges serving on the same court in this table. Note that when an Immigration Judge serves on more than one court during the same period, separate Immigration Judge reports are created for any Court in which the judge rendered at least 100 asylum decisions.

Why Do Denial Rates Vary Among Judges?

Although denial rates are shaped by each Judge's judicial philosophy, denial rates are also shaped by other factors, such as the types of cases on the Judge's docket, the detained status of immigrant respondents, current immigration policies, and other factors beyond an individual Judge's control. For example, TRAC has previously found that legal representation and the nationality of the asylum seeker are just two factors that appear to impact asylum decision outcomes.

The composition of cases may differ significantly between Immigration Courts in the country. Within a single Court when cases are randomly assigned to judges sitting on that Court, each Judge should have roughly a similar composition of cases given a sufficient number of asylum cases. Then variations in asylum decisions among Judges on the same Immigration Court would appear to reflect, at least in part, the judicial philosophy that the Judge brings to the bench. However, if judges within a Court are assigned to specialized dockets or hearing locations, then case compositions are likely to continue to differ and can contribute to differences in asylum denial rates.

Representation

When asylum seekers are not represented by an attorney, almost all of them (77%) are denied asylum. In contrast, a significantly higher proportion of represented asylum seekers are successful. In the case of Judge Lewis, 9.2% were not represented by an attorney. See Figure 3. For the nation as a whole, about 16.4% of asylum seekers are not represented.

Nationality

Asylum seekers are a diverse group. Over one hundred different nationalities had at least one hundred individuals claiming asylum decided during this period. As might be expected, immigration courts located in different parts of the country tend to have proportionately larger shares from some countries than from others. And, given the required legal grounds for a successful asylum claim, asylum seekers from some nations tend to be more successful than others.

The largest group of asylum seekers appearing before Judge Lewis came from Honduras. Individuals from this country made up 23.1% of his caseload. Other nationalities in descending order of frequency appearing before Judge Lewis were: El Salvador (13.3%), Guatemala (7.5%), Peru (7.5%), Bolivia (6.9%). See Figure 4.

In the nation as a whole during this same period, major nationalities of asylum seekers, in descending order of frequency, were El Salvador (14.0%), Guatemala (13.2%), Honduras (12.4%), Mexico (8.2%), China (6.1%), India (5.4%), Venezuela (4.0%), Ecuador (3.7%), Nicaragua (3.5%), Colombia (2.9%), Cuba (2.6%), Brazil (2.6%), Russia (2.4%).