Judge Kathy J. Lemke

FY 2019 - 2024, Portland Immigration Court

Published Nov 7, 2024

Kathy J. Lemke was appointed as an Immigration Judge to begin hearing cases in April 2021.Judge Lemke earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1994 from the University of Chicago and a JurisDoctor in 1997 from Arizona State University School of Law. From 2019 to 2020, she served asthe City Prosecutor for Phoenix. From 2009 to 2019, she served as an Assistant U.S. Attorney forthe District of Arizona, in Phoenix. From 2004 to 2009, she served as an Assistant CityProsecutor for Phoenix. In 2003, she served as a Deputy County Attorney for Pinal County inFlorence, Arizona. From 1998 to 2003, she served as a Deputy County Attorney for MaricopaCounty, in Phoenix. Judge Lemke is a member of the State Bar of Arizona and the District ofColumbia Bar.

Deciding Asylum Cases

Detailed data on decisions by Judge Lemke were examined for the period covering fiscal years 2019 through 2024. During this period, court records show that Judge Lemke decided 129 asylum claims on their merits. Of these, she granted asylum for 76, granted 4 other types of relief, and denied relief to 49. Converted to percentage terms, Lemke denied 38.0 percent and granted 62.0 percent of asylum cases (including forms of relief other than asylum).

Figure 1 provides a comparison of Judge Lemke's denial rate each fiscal year over this recent period. (Rates for years with less than 25 decisions are not shown.)

Nationwide Comparisons

Compared to Judge Lemke's denial rate of 38.0 percent, Immigration Court judges across the country denied 57.7 percent of asylum claims during this same period. Judges at the Portland Immigration Court where Judge Lemke decided these cases denied asylum 70.8 percent of the time. See Figure 2.

Judge Lemke's asylum grant and denial rates are compared with other judges serving on the same court in this table. Note that when an Immigration Judge serves on more than one court during the same period, separate Immigration Judge reports are created for any Court in which the judge rendered at least 100 asylum decisions.

Why Do Denial Rates Vary Among Judges?

Although denial rates are shaped by each Judge's judicial philosophy, denial rates are also shaped by other factors, such as the types of cases on the Judge's docket, the detained status of immigrant respondents, current immigration policies, and other factors beyond an individual Judge's control. For example, TRAC has previously found that legal representation and the nationality of the asylum seeker are just two factors that appear to impact asylum decision outcomes.

The composition of cases may differ significantly between Immigration Courts in the country. Within a single Court when cases are randomly assigned to judges sitting on that Court, each Judge should have roughly a similar composition of cases given a sufficient number of asylum cases. Then variations in asylum decisions among Judges on the same Immigration Court would appear to reflect, at least in part, the judicial philosophy that the Judge brings to the bench. However, if judges within a Court are assigned to specialized dockets or hearing locations, then case compositions are likely to continue to differ and can contribute to differences in asylum denial rates.

Representation

When asylum seekers are not represented by an attorney, almost all of them (77%) are denied asylum. In contrast, a significantly higher proportion of represented asylum seekers are successful. In the case of Judge Lemke, 13.2% were not represented by an attorney. See Figure 3. For the nation as a whole, about 16.4% of asylum seekers are not represented.

Nationality

Asylum seekers are a diverse group. Over one hundred different nationalities had at least one hundred individuals claiming asylum decided during this period. As might be expected, immigration courts located in different parts of the country tend to have proportionately larger shares from some countries than from others. And, given the required legal grounds for a successful asylum claim, asylum seekers from some nations tend to be more successful than others.

The largest group of asylum seekers appearing before Judge Lemke came from Guatemala. Individuals from this country made up 29.5% of her caseload. Other nationalities in descending order of frequency appearing before Judge Lemke were: India (17.8%), Mexico (17.8%), Ukraine (7.8%), Venezuela (6.2%). See Figure 4.

In the nation as a whole during this same period, major nationalities of asylum seekers, in descending order of frequency, were El Salvador (14.0%), Guatemala (13.2%), Honduras (12.4%), Mexico (8.2%), China (6.1%), India (5.4%), Venezuela (4.0%), Ecuador (3.7%), Nicaragua (3.5%), Colombia (2.9%), Cuba (2.6%), Brazil (2.6%), Russia (2.4%).