Judge Charlotte S. Marquez

FY 2019 - 2024, New Orleans Immigration Court

Published Nov 7, 2024

Attorney General Jeff Sessions appointed Charlotte S. Marquez to begin hearing cases in April 2017. Judge Marquez earned a Bachelor of Science degree in 1995 from Louisiana State University and a Juris Doctor in 1998 from Tulane Law School. From March 2006 to April 2017, she served as an assistant chief counsel for the Office of Chief Counsel, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Department of Homeland Security, in New Orleans, La. From June 2000 through March 2006, she was an associate attorney with Jones Walker LLP. From August 1998 to June 2000 she was an associate attorney with McCalla, Thompson, Pyburn, Hymowitz & Shapiro LLP. Judge Marquez is a member of the Louisiana State Bar.

Deciding Asylum Cases

Detailed data on decisions by Judge Marquez were examined for the period covering fiscal years 2019 through 2024. During this period, court records show that Judge Marquez decided 700 asylum claims on their merits. Of these, she granted asylum for 71, granted 31 other types of relief, and denied relief to 598. Converted to percentage terms, Marquez denied 85.4 percent and granted 14.5 percent of asylum cases (including forms of relief other than asylum).

Figure 1 provides a comparison of Judge Marquez's denial rate each fiscal year over this recent period. (Rates for years with less than 25 decisions are not shown.)

Nationwide Comparisons

Compared to Judge Marquez's denial rate of 85.4 percent, Immigration Court judges across the country denied 57.7 percent of asylum claims during this same period. Judges at the New Orleans Immigration Court where Judge Marquez decided these cases denied asylum 70.9 percent of the time. See Figure 2.

Judge Marquez's asylum grant and denial rates are compared with other judges serving on the same court in this table. Note that when an Immigration Judge serves on more than one court during the same period, separate Immigration Judge reports are created for any Court in which the judge rendered at least 100 asylum decisions.

Why Do Denial Rates Vary Among Judges?

Although denial rates are shaped by each Judge's judicial philosophy, denial rates are also shaped by other factors, such as the types of cases on the Judge's docket, the detained status of immigrant respondents, current immigration policies, and other factors beyond an individual Judge's control. For example, TRAC has previously found that legal representation and the nationality of the asylum seeker are just two factors that appear to impact asylum decision outcomes.

The composition of cases may differ significantly between Immigration Courts in the country. Within a single Court when cases are randomly assigned to judges sitting on that Court, each Judge should have roughly a similar composition of cases given a sufficient number of asylum cases. Then variations in asylum decisions among Judges on the same Immigration Court would appear to reflect, at least in part, the judicial philosophy that the Judge brings to the bench. However, if judges within a Court are assigned to specialized dockets or hearing locations, then case compositions are likely to continue to differ and can contribute to differences in asylum denial rates.

Representation

When asylum seekers are not represented by an attorney, almost all of them (77%) are denied asylum. In contrast, a significantly higher proportion of represented asylum seekers are successful. In the case of Judge Marquez, 17% were not represented by an attorney. See Figure 3. For the nation as a whole, about 16.4% of asylum seekers are not represented.

Nationality

Asylum seekers are a diverse group. Over one hundred different nationalities had at least one hundred individuals claiming asylum decided during this period. As might be expected, immigration courts located in different parts of the country tend to have proportionately larger shares from some countries than from others. And, given the required legal grounds for a successful asylum claim, asylum seekers from some nations tend to be more successful than others.

The largest group of asylum seekers appearing before Judge Marquez came from Honduras. Individuals from this country made up 57.7% of her caseload. Other nationalities in descending order of frequency appearing before Judge Marquez were: Guatemala (15.4%), El Salvador (10.1%), Mexico (4.4%), Nicaragua (3.9%). See Figure 4.

In the nation as a whole during this same period, major nationalities of asylum seekers, in descending order of frequency, were El Salvador (14.0%), Guatemala (13.2%), Honduras (12.4%), Mexico (8.2%), China (6.1%), India (5.4%), Venezuela (4.0%), Ecuador (3.7%), Nicaragua (3.5%), Colombia (2.9%), Cuba (2.6%), Brazil (2.6%), Russia (2.4%).