Judge Annie S. Garcy

FY 2017 - 2022, Philadelphia Immigration Court

Published Oct 26, 2022

Judge Garcy was appointed as an Immigration Judge in March 1990. She received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Texas at Austin in 1975, and a Juris Doctorate from the University of Houston in 1978. Judge Garcy was in private practice in Houston, Texas, from 1978 to 1990. During this time, she also worked as an adjunct professor at the University of Houston. She was granted specialization in the field of immigration and nationality law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization in 1984 and was recertified in 1994. Judge Garcy is a member of the Texas Bar.

Deciding Asylum Cases

Detailed data on decisions by Judge Garcy were examined for the period covering fiscal years 2017 through 2022. During this period, court records show that Judge Garcy decided 275 asylum claims on their merits. Of these, she granted asylum for 158, granted 1 other types of relief, and denied relief to 116. Converted to percentage terms, Garcy denied 42.2 percent and granted 57.9 percent of asylum cases (including forms of relief other than asylum).

Figure 1 provides a comparison of Judge Garcy's denial rate each fiscal year over this recent period. (Rates for years with less than 25 decisions are not shown.)

Nationwide Comparisons

Compared to Judge Garcy's denial rate of 42.2 percent, Immigration Court judges across the country denied 63.8 percent of asylum claims during this same period. Judges at the Philadelphia Immigration Court where Judge Garcy decided these cases denied asylum 54.5 percent of the time. See Figure 2.

Judge Garcy's asylum grant and denial rates are compared with other judges serving on the same court in this table. Note that when an Immigration Judge serves on more than one court during the same period, separate Immigration Judge reports are created for any Court in which the judge rendered at least 100 asylum decisions.

Why Do Denial Rates Vary Among Judges?

Although denial rates are shaped by each Judge's judicial philosophy, denial rates are also shaped by other factors, such as the types of cases on the Judge's docket, the detained status of immigrant respondents, current immigration policies, and other factors beyond an individual Judge's control. For example, TRAC has previously found that legal representation and the nationality of the asylum seeker are just two factors that appear to impact asylum decision outcomes.

The composition of cases may differ significantly between Immigration Courts in the country. Within a single Court when cases are randomly assigned to judges sitting on that Court, each Judge should have roughly a similar composition of cases given a sufficient number of asylum cases. Then variations in asylum decisions among Judges on the same Immigration Court would appear to reflect, at least in part, the judicial philosophy that the Judge brings to the bench. However, if judges within a Court are assigned to specialized dockets or hearing locations, then case compositions are likely to continue to differ and can contribute to differences in asylum denial rates.

Representation

When asylum seekers are not represented by an attorney, almost all of them (83%) are denied asylum. In contrast, a significantly higher proportion of represented asylum seekers are successful. In the case of Judge Garcy, 1.5% were not represented by an attorney. See Figure 3. For the nation as a whole, about 16.7% of asylum seekers are not represented.

Nationality

Asylum seekers are a diverse group. Over one hundred different nationalities had at least one hundred individuals claiming asylum decided during this period. As might be expected, immigration courts located in different parts of the country tend to have proportionately larger shares from some countries than from others. And, given the required legal grounds for a successful asylum claim, asylum seekers from some nations tend to be more successful than others.

The largest group of asylum seekers appearing before Judge Garcy came from Guatemala. Individuals from this country made up 31.6% of her caseload. Other nationalities in descending order of frequency appearing before Judge Garcy were: El Salvador (9.1%), Honduras (8.4%), Russia (5.1%), Brazil (4.0%). See Figure 4.

In the nation as a whole during this same period, major nationalities of asylum seekers, in descending order of frequency, were El Salvador (18.2%), Guatemala (16.0%), Honduras (14.6%), Mexico (10.5%), China (7.5%), India (4.5%), Cuba (2.5%), Venezuela (2.1%), Ecuador (2.1%), Nicaragua (1.9%), Haiti (1.7%), Cameroon (1.5%), Nepal (1.2%).