Percent Change from 5 years ago (Including Magistrate Court)
39.7
Percent Change from 5 years ago (Excluding Magistrate Court)
11.9
Table 1. Criminal Immigration Prosecutions
The latest available data from the Justice Department show that during June 2019 the government reported 8946 new immigration prosecutions.
According to the case-by-case information analyzed by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC), this number is down 3.7 percent over the previous month.
The comparisons of the number of defendants charged with immigration-related offenses are based on case-by-case information obtained by TRAC under the Freedom of Information Act from the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (see Table 1).
When monthly 2019 prosecutions of this type are compared with those of the same period in
the previous year, the number of filings was up (15.4%).
Prosecutions over the past year are still much higher than they were five years ago.
Overall, the data show that prosecutions of this type are up 39.7 percent from levels reported in 2014.
The growth in
these cases is partly related to increases in the matters filed in U.S. Magistrate Courts. If magistrate cases
are excluded and only Federal District Court cases are counted, the overall increase in
immigration prosecutions is 11.9 percent instead of 39.7 percent.
The evidence suggests that part of the difference may be the result of improvements in the recording of the magistrate cases
by the Justice Department.
Figure 1. Monthly Trends in Immigration Prosecutions
The increase from the levels five years ago in immigration prosecutions for these matters is shown more clearly in Figure 1.
The vertical bars in Figure 1
represent the number of immigration prosecutions of this type recorded on a month-to-month
basis. Where a prosecution was initially filed in U.S. Magistrate Court and then transferred to the U.S. District Court,
the magistrate filing date was used since this provides an earlier indicator of actual trends.
The superimposed line on the bars plots the six-month moving average so
that natural fluctuations are smoothed out. The one and five-year rates of change in Table 1 and in the sections that follow are all based upon this six-month moving average. To view trends year-by-year rather than month-by-month, see TRAC's annual report series for a broader picture.
Figure 2. Prosecutions by Investigative Agency
Virtually all federal criminal prosecutions for immigration offenses in June 2019
(100 percent) were referred by the Department of Homeland Security
(DHS). The two lead investigative agencies in DHS are Customs and Border Protection (CBP) whose border patrol
agencies guard the county's borders, and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), responsible for conducting
most immigration criminal investigations
under the immigration laws. See Figure 2.
Immigration Prosecutions in U.S. Magistrate Courts
Top Ranked Lead Charges
In June 2019, 7736 defendants in immigration cases for these matters were filed in U.S. Magistrate Courts.
These courts handle less serious
misdemeanor cases, including what are called "petty offenses." In
addition, complaints are sometimes filed in the magistrate courts before
an indictment or information is entered. In these cases, the matter
starts in the magistrate courts and later moves to the district court
where subsequent proceedings take place.
In the magistrate courts in June the most frequently cited lead charge was
Title 8 U.S.C Section 1325 involving "Entry of alien at improper time or place; etc.". This was the lead charge
for 57.7 percent of all magistrate filings in June.
Other frequently prosecuted lead charges include: "08 USC 1326 - Reentry of deported alien" (35.7%).
Immigration Prosecutions in U.S. District Courts
In June 2019, 1210 defendants in new cases
for these matters were charged in the U.S. District Courts. In addition during June there
were an additional 1581 defendants whose cases moved from the magistrate
courts to the U.S. district courts after an indictment or information
was filed. The sections which follow cover both sets of cases and
therefore cover all matters filed in district court during June.
Top Ranked Lead Charges
Table 2 shows the top lead charges recorded in the prosecutions of immigration matters
filed in U.S. District Court during June 2019.
"Reentry of deported alien" (Title 8 U.S.C Section 1326) was the most frequent recorded lead charge.
"Reentry of deported alien" (Title 8 U.S.C Section 1326) was ranked 1 a year ago, while it was ranked 1 five years ago.
Ranked 2nd in frequency was the lead charge "Bringing in and harboring certain aliens" under Title 8 U.S.C Section 1324.
"Bringing in and harboring certain aliens" under Title 8 U.S.C Section 1324 was ranked 2 a year ago, while it was ranked 2 five years ago.
Ranked 3rd was "Fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and other documents" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 1546.
"Fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and other documents" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 1546 was ranked 4 a year ago, while it was ranked 3 five years ago.
Among these top ten lead charges, the one showing the greatest
increase in prosecutions — up 350 percent — compared to one year ago was Title 18 U.S.C Section 1543
that involves " Forgery or false use of passport ".
This was the same statute that had the largest increase — 500 % — when compared with five years ago.
Again among the top ten lead charges, the one showing the sharpest
decline in prosecutions compared to one year ago — down 72.6 percent — was
" Entry of alien at improper time or place; etc. " (Title 8 U.S.C Section 1325 ).
Compared to five years ago, the most significant decline in prosecutions — 20.5 percent — was
for filings where the lead charge was " Misuse of passport " (Title 18 U.S.C Section 1544 ).
Top Ranked Judicial Districts
Understandably, there is great variation in the number of immigration prosecutions that are filed in each of the nation's ninety-four federal judicial districts.
The districts registering the
largest number of prosecutions of this type last month are shown in Table 3.
The Southern District of Texas (Houston) — with 856 prosecutions — was the most active during June 2019.
The Southern District of Texas (Houston) was ranked 2 a year ago, while it was ranked 2 for most frequent use five years ago.
The Western District of Texas (San Antonio) ranked 2nd.
The Western District of Texas (San Antonio) was ranked 1 a year ago, while it was ranked 1 for most frequent use five years ago.
District of New Mexico is now ranking 3rd.
The District of New Mexico was ranked 4 a year ago, while it was ranked 3 for most frequent use five years ago.
Recent entrants to the top 10 list were
Puerto Rico , now ranked
8th
, and Eastern District of North Carolina (Raleigh)
at 9th
In the same order, these districts ranked 11th and 12th one year ago and 13th and 43rd five years ago.
The federal judicial district which showed the greatest growth
in immigration prosecutions compared to one year ago — 33.7 percent — was
Southern District of Texas (Houston).
Compared to five years ago, the district with the largest growth — 287 percent — was
Eastern District of North Carolina (Raleigh).
In the last year, the judicial District Court recording the
largest drop in immigration prosecutions — 31.8 percent — was
Southern District of California (San Diego).
But over the past five years,
Eastern District of Michigan (Detroit)
showed the largest drop — 32.8 percent.
Top Ranked District Judges
At any one time, there are about 680 federal District Court judges working in the United States. The judges recorded with the largest number of new immigration crime cases of this type during June 2019 are shown in Table 4.
All 10 of the "top ten" judges were in districts which were in the top ten with the largest number of immigration filings.
Judge Marina Garcia Marmolejo in the Southern District of Texas (Houston) ranked 1st with 147 defendants in immigration cases.
Judge Diana Saldana in the Southern District of Texas (Houston) ranked 2nd with 142 defendants in immigration cases.
Judge Nelva Gonzales Ramos in the Southern District of Texas (Houston) ranked 3rd with 136 defendants in immigration cases.
Judge Ramos appeared in the top ten rankings one year (ranked 5) and five years ago (rank 9).