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We complement this qualitative analysis with a quantitative analysis of CalGang and immigration courts. Our first source of data are county level counts of adults in CalGang, by race and ethnicity in 2017, made publicly available by the California Office of the Attorney General. This allows us to identify counties where local law enforcement actively participated in CalGang, versus counties where local law enforcement did not contribute to this form of electronic surveillance. We merge this information on county level CalGang surveillance with administrative records of immigration court records maintained by the Syracuse University Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC), specifically the violations of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) that ICE alleges occurred on its initial Notice to Appear and whether the case ended in deportation. Critically, the TRAC data differentiate between criminal charges based on a conviction in state court and criminal charges based on an allegation of criminality—these are two different sections of immigration law.Footnote1 As CalGang is not a record of criminal conviction, it is most relevant for criminal charges alleging criminal conduct, rather than the existence of a legal finding of criminal conduct......[Citing TRAC data and reports].
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