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Illegal entry has long been a crime. However, ordinary immigration offenses were historically treated as violations of “civil” law, leading to deportation proceedings. Between 1986 and 1996, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) referred on average fewer than 10,000 immigration
cases per year for criminal prosecution, and fewer than 8,500 persons per year (on average) were actually prosecuted (TRAC 2002), typically for egregious immigration violations. Yet over the last two decades, immigration-related prosecutions have risen sharply......[Citing TRAC research].
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