Fueling this rise were two forces. First, more and more nonprofits are going to court to challenge the government's refusal to release requested records. Second, some organizations are returning to court with increasing frequency. Nonprofit organizations and advocacy groups that filed just a single suit were the most numerous during the past 18 years. Despite their larger numbers, the single filers only accounted for 15 percent of all FOIA lawsuits filed by nonprofits.

At the other extreme, slightly over one in ten (11%) of nonprofits filed five or more FOIA cases. This much smaller group accounted for two out of every three lawsuits nonprofit groups filed. Judicial Watch, Inc. led the list, filing a total of 391 new suits during the past 18 years. The American Civil Liberties Union was in second place with 130 suits. In third place was Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER) with 94 suits followed closely by the Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) with 88. In fifth place was the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) with 74 FOIA suits.

This research, conducted for the FOIA Project by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC) at Syracuse University, documents the increasingly important role played by nonprofit organizations in challenging unlawful withholding by agencies through court action. Despite changes in the party that held the presidency over the past 18 years, there was surprising continuity in which organizations remained the most active litigators. Yet as a growing number of nonprofit organizations joined the ranks of FOIA filers, some new organizations have emerged as new frequent filers. Thus far during the Trump presidency, while Judicial Watch remains the most active filer, two new groups -- American Oversight and the Democracy Forward Foundation -- edged out the American Civil Liberties Union in the rankings for second and third most frequent FOIA filers. In fifth place, was WildEarth Guardians.

To view the full report, including the top-ten most active litigants during each presidential administration, go to:

http://foiaproject.org/2018/10/18/nonprofit-advocacy-groups-foia-suits-double-under-trump/

To view the full directory listing each nonprofit organization along with details on each of the FOIA cases they filed over the past 18 years, go to the FOIA Project's "Nonprofit/Advocacy List" - now updated through July 2018.

http://foiaproject.org/plaintiff-nonprofit/

Contribute documents: If you were the plaintiff or attorney in any of these cases, we encourage you to contribute additional court documents - including summary judgment memoranda and declarations filed by either side. To share these with the FOIA community, you can upload them directly to FOIAproject.org at the "Contribute User Documents" link on each case detail page, or email them to trac@syr.edu.

If you want to be sure to receive notification whenever new information becomes available, follow us on Twitter @foiaproject or sign up for TRAC's email list to receive notification of newly issued reports:

http://tracfed.syr.edu/cgi-bin/tracuser.pl?pub=1

The FOIA Project is self-supporting and depends on foundation grants and individual contributions. The TRAC Gift Fund has been set up through the Newhouse School at Syracuse University to support this effort:

http://trac.syr.edu/cgi-bin/sponsor/sponsor.pl