White Collar Crime Prosecutions for December 2012
The latest available data from the Justice Department show that during December 2012 the government reported 516 new white collar crime prosecutions. According to the case-by-case information analyzed by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC), this number is up 9.1% over the previous month.
White Collar Crime
This report summarizes the government's recent efforts when it comes to combating white collar crime—the number of such cases, the investigative agencies involved, the laws cited, the busiest federal districts and the busiest federal judges.
See more...The comparisons of the number of defendants charged with white collar crime-related offenses are based on case-by-case information obtained by TRAC under the Freedom of Information Act from the Executive Office for United States Attorneys. (See Table 1)
When monthly 2012 prosecutions of this type are compared with those of the same period in the previous year, the number of filings was down (-20.9 percent). Prosecutions over the past year are still much lower than they were five years ago. Overall, the data show that prosecutions of this type are down 6.2 percent from levels reported in 2007.
The leveling out from the levels five years ago in white collar crime prosecutions for these matters is shown more clearly in Figure 1. The vertical bars in Figure 1 represent the number of white collar crime prosecutions of this type recorded on a month-to-month basis. Where a prosecution was initially filed in U.S. Magistrate Court and then transferred to the U.S. District Court, the magistrate filing date was used since this provides an earlier indicator of actual trends. The superimposed line on the bars plots the six-month moving average so that natural fluctuations are smoothed out. The one and five-year rates of change in Table 1 and in the sections that follow are all based upon this six-month moving average. To view trends year-by-year rather than month-by-month, see TRAC's annual report series for a broader picture.
Within the broad category of white collar crime, cases were classified by prosecutors into more specific types.
Case types within white collar crime are
• Federal Procurement Fraud • Federal Program Fraud • Tax Fraud • Arson for Profit • Other Insurance Fraud • Financial Institution Fraud • Bankruptcy Fraud • Advance Fee Schemes • Other Fraud Against Businesses • Consumer Fraud • Securities Fraud • Commodities Fraud • Other Investment Fraud • Antitrust Violations - Other • Computer Fraud • Health Care Fraud • Fraud Against Insurance Providers • Intellectual Property Violations • Insider Fraud Against Insurance Providers • MEWA (Multiple Employer Welfare Arrangements) Fraud/MET • Antitrust Violations - Airlines • Antitrust Violations - Banking • Antitrust Violations - Defense Procurement • Antitrust Violations - Extraterritorial Application Of • Antitrust Violations - Finance Markets, Other than Banking • Telemarketing Fraud • Corporate Fraud • Identity Theft • Aggravated Identity Theft • Other White Collar Crime/Fraud The largest number of prosecutions of these matters in December 2012 was for "Fraud-Financial Institution", accounting for 16.3 percent of prosecutions. Prosecutions were also filed for "Fraud-Federal Program" (13.8%), "Fraud-Other" ( 13.6%), "Fraud-Identity Theft-Other" (9.5%), "Fraud-Tax" (8.7%), "Fraud-Health Care" (7.2%), "Fraud-Identity Theft-Aggravated" (6%), "Fraud-Other Business" (3.9%), "Fraud-Mortgage" (3.7%), "Fraud-Federal Procurement" (3.3%), "Fraud-Securities" (3.3%), " Fraud-Intellectual Property Violations" (2.7%). See Figure 2.
The lead investigative agency for white collar crime prosecutions in December 2012 was FBI accounting for 34 percent of prosecutions referred. Other agencies with substantial numbers of white collar crime referrals were: IRS (12% ), DHS (12%), SecServ (10%). See Figure 3.
White Collar Crime Prosecutions in U.S. Magistrate Courts
Top Ranked Lead Charges
In December 2012, 78 defendants in white collar crime cases for these matters were filed in U.S. Magistrate Courts. These courts handle less serious misdemeanor cases, including what are called "petty offenses." In addition, complaints are sometimes filed in the magistrate courts before an indictment or information is entered. In these cases, the matter starts in the magistrate courts and later moves to the district court where subsequent proceedings take place.
In the magistrate courts in December the most frequently cited lead charge was Title 18 U.S.C Section 1028 involving the "Aggravated Identity Theft". This was the lead charge for 16.7 percent of all magistrate filings in December.
Other frequently prosecuted lead charges include: "18 USC 1028 - Fraud and related activity - id documents" (11.5%), "18 USC 371 - Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud US" (10.3%), "18 USC 1344 - Bank Fraud" (10.3%), " 18 USC 1029 - Fraud and related activity - access devices" (7.7%), "18 USC 1343 - Fraud by wire, radio, or television" (7.7%), "18 USC 1349 - Mail Fraud - Attempt and Conspiracy" (6.4%).
White Collar Crime Prosecutions in U.S. District Courts
In December 2012, 438 defendants in new cases for these matters were charged in the U.S. District Courts. In addition during December there were an additional 46 defendants whose cases moved from the magistrate courts to the U.S. district courts after an indictment or information was filed. The sections which follow cover both sets of cases and therefore cover all matters filed in district court during December.
Top Ranked Lead Charges
Table 2 shows the top lead charges recorded in the prosecutions of white collar crime matters filed in U.S. District Court during December 2012.
Lead Charge Count Rank 1yr ago 5yrs ago 18 USC 1343 - Fraud by wire, radio, or television 50 1 1 4 More 18 USC 1349 - Mail Fraud - Attempt and Conspiracy 49 2 5 11 More 18 USC 1344 - Bank Fraud 42 3 2 1 More 18 USC 641 - Public money, property or records 32 4 6 7 More 18 USC 1028 - Fraud and related activity - id documents 31 5 8 3 More 18 USC 1029 - Fraud and related activity - access devices 29 6 7 5 More 18 USC 371 - Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud US 27 7 3 6 More 18 USC 1347 - Health Care Fraud 23 8 9 8 More 18 USC 1341 - Mail Fraud - Frauds and swindles 21 9 4 2 More 26 USC 7201 - Attempt to evade or defeat tax 16 10 12 14 More Table 2: Top charges filed
"Fraud by wire, radio, or television" (Title 18 U.S.C Section 1343) was the most frequent recorded lead charge. "Fraud by wire, radio, or television" (Title 18 U.S.C Section 1343) was ranked 1 a year ago, while it was ranked 4 five years ago.
Ranked 2nd in frequency was the lead charge "Mail Fraud - Attempt and Conspiracy" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 1349. "Mail Fraud - Attempt and Conspiracy" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 1349 was ranked 5 a year ago.
Ranked 3rd was "Bank Fraud" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 1344. "Bank Fraud" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 1344 was ranked 2 a year ago, while it was ranked 1 five years ago.
Among these top ten lead charges, the one showing the greatest increase in prosecutions—up 26.4 percent—compared to one year ago was Title 26 U.S.C Section 7201 that involves " Attempt to evade or defeat tax ". Compared to five years ago, the largest increase—156.4 percent—was registered for prosecutions under " Mail Fraud - Attempt and Conspiracy " (Title 18 U.S.C Section 1349 ).
Again among the top ten lead charges, the one showing the sharpest decline in prosecutions compared to one year ago—down 33.8 percent—was Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud US (Title 18 U.S.C Section 371 ). Compared to five years ago, the most significant decline in prosecutions— 41.2 percent—was for filings where the lead charge was " Fraud and related activity - id documents " (Title 18 U.S.C Section 1028 ).
Top Ranked Judicial Districts
In December 2012 the Justice Department said the government brought 189.2 white collar crime prosecutions for every ten million people in the United States.
Understandably, there is great variation in the per capita number of white collar crime prosecutions that are filed in each of the nation's ninety-four federal judicial districts.
The districts registering the largest number of prosecutions per capita for these matters last month are shown in Table 3. Districts must have at least 5 white collar crime prosecutions to receive a ranking.
Judicial District Percapita Count Rank 1yr ago 5yrs ago N. Y., S 1,192 51 1 3 3 More Mo, E 907 22 2 19 11 More R. I. 798 7 3 68 72 More Utah 776 18 4 47 16 More Ga, M 727 12 5 66 53 More N Car, W 571 14 6 35 22 More Ga, S 493 6 7 61 64 More Penn, M 466 12 8 44 27 More Wash, E 408 5 9 70 87 More Ken, W 391 7 10 51 42 More Miss, S 391 6 10 20 4 More Table 3: Top 10 districts (per ten million people)
The Southern District of New York (Manhattan)—with 1192 prosecutions as compared with 189.2 prosecutions per ten million population in the United States—was the most active during December 2012. The Southern District of New York (Manhattan) was ranked 3 a year ago, while it was ranked 3 for most frequent use five years ago.
The Eastern District of Missouri (St. Louis) ranked 2nd.
District of Rhode Island is now ranking 3rd.
Recent entrants to the top 10 list were Eastern District of Missouri (St. Louis), now ranked 2nd , and Southern District of Mississippi (Jackson) at 10th In the same order, these districts ranked 19th and 20th one year ago and 11th and 4th five years ago.
The federal judicial district which showed the greatest growth in the rate of white collar crime prosecutions compared to one year ago— 83.3 percent—was Western District of North Carolina (Asheville). Compared to five years ago, the district with the largest growth— 133.3 percent—was Eastern District of Washington (Spokane).
In the last year, the judicial District Court recording the largest drop in the rate of white collar crime prosecutions— 54.8 percent—was Southern District of Mississippi (Jackson). This was the same district that had the largest increase— 78.5 percent—when compared with five years ago.
Top Ranked District Judges
At any one time, there are about 680 federal District Court judges working in the United States. The judges recorded with the largest number of new white collar crime crime cases of this type during December 2012 are shown in Table 4.
Judge Count Rank Conrad, Robert James, Jr. N Car, W 11 1 More Caldwell, William W. Penn, M 10 2 More Abrams, Ronnie N. Y., S 9 3 More Patterson, Robert Porter, Jr. N. Y., S 8 4 More Benson, Dee Vance Utah 7 5 More Rogers, Yvonne Gonzalez Cal, N 6 6 More Royal, C. Ashley Ga, M 6 6 More Autrey, Henry Edward Mo, E 6 6 More Cooke, Marcia G. Fla, S 5 9 More Hall, James Randal Ga, S 5 9 More Koeltl, John George N. Y., S 5 9 More Dominguez, Daniel R. Puer Rico 5 9 More Table 4: Top 10 judges
A total of 9 out of the "top ten" judges were in districts which were in the top ten with the largest number of white collar crime filings per capita, while the remaining 3 judges were from other districts. (Because of ties, there were a total of 12 judges in the "top ten" rankings.)
Judge Robert James Conrad, Jr. in the Western District of North Carolina (Asheville) ranked 1st with 11 defendants in white collar crime cases.
Judge William W. Caldwell in the Middle District of Pennsylvania (Scranton) ranked 2nd with 10 defendants in white collar crime cases.
Judge Ronnie Abrams in the Southern District of New York (Manhattan) ranked 3rd with 9 defendants in white collar crime cases.
Report Generated: February 20, 2013
