White Collar Crime Convictions for April 2016
The latest available data from the Justice Department show that during April 2016 the government reported 523 new white collar crime convictions. According to the case-by-case information analyzed by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC), this number is down 33.8 percent over the previous month.
White Collar Crime
This report summarizes the government's recent efforts when it comes to combating white collar crime — the number of such cases, the investigative agencies involved, the laws cited, the busiest federal districts and the busiest federal judges.
See more...The comparisons of the number of defendants convicted for white collar crime-related offenses are based on case-by-case information obtained by TRAC under the Freedom of Information Act from the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (see Table 1).
When monthly 2016 convictions of this type are compared with those of the same period in the previous year, the number of convictions was down (-6%). Convictions over the past year are still much lower than they were five years ago. Overall, the data show that convictions of this type are down 17.3 percent from levels reported in 2011.
The dip in these cases is partly related to increases in the matters filed in U.S. Magistrate Courts. If magistrate cases are excluded and only Federal District Court cases are counted, the overall decrease in white collar crime convictions is 8.2 percent instead of 17.3 percent. The evidence suggests that part of the difference may be the result of improvements in the recording of the magistrate cases by the Justice Department.
The decrease from the levels five years ago in white collar crime convictions for these matters is shown more clearly in Figure 1. The vertical bars in Figure 1 represent the number of white collar crime convictions of this type recorded on a month-to-month basis. Where a prosecution was initially filed in U.S. Magistrate Court and then transferred to the U.S. District Court, the magistrate filing date was used since this provides an earlier indicator of actual trends. The superimposed line on the bars plots the six-month moving average so that natural fluctuations are smoothed out. The one and five-year rates of change in Table 1 and in the sections that follow are all based upon this six-month moving average. To view trends year-by-year rather than month-by-month, see TRAC's annual report series for a broader picture.
Within the broad category of white collar crime, cases were classified by prosecutors into more specific types.
Case types within white collar crime are
• Federal Procurement Fraud • Federal Program Fraud • Tax Fraud • Arson for Profit • Other Insurance Fraud • Financial Institution Fraud • Bankruptcy Fraud • Advance Fee Schemes • Other Fraud Against Businesses • Consumer Fraud • Securities Fraud • Commodities Fraud • Other Investment Fraud • Antitrust Violations - Other • Computer Fraud • Health Care Fraud • Fraud Against Insurance Providers • Intellectual Property Violations • Insider Fraud Against Insurance Providers • MEWA (Multiple Employer Welfare Arrangements) Fraud/MET • Antitrust Violations - Airlines • Antitrust Violations - Banking • Antitrust Violations - Defense Procurement • Antitrust Violations - Extraterritorial Application Of • Antitrust Violations - Finance Markets, Other than Banking • Telemarketing Fraud • Corporate Fraud • Identity Theft • Aggravated Identity Theft • Other White Collar Crime/Fraud The largest number of convictions of these matters in April 2016 was for "Fraud-Other", accounting for 20.5 percent of convictions. Convictions were also filed for "Fraud-Tax" (16.3%), "Fraud-Federal Program" (11.5%), "Fraud-Financial Institution" (10.5%), "Fraud-Health Care" (8.8%), "Fraud-Identity Theft-Aggravated" (6.3%), "Fraud-Other Business" (5.2%), "Fraud-Identity Theft-Other" (5%), "Fraud-Mortgage" (2.9%), "Fraud-Securities" (2.9%), "Fraud-Other Investment" (2.5%), "Fraud-Computer" (2.3%). See Figure 2.
The lead investigative agency for white collar crime convictions in April 2016 was FBI accounting for 24 percent of convictions. Other agencies with substantial numbers of white collar crime convictions were: IRS (21% ), DHS (14%), SecServ (10%), Postal (8%). See Figure 3.
White Collar Crime Convictions in U.S. Magistrate Courts
Top Ranked Lead Charges
In April 2016, 12 defendants in white collar crime cases for these matters were filed in U.S. Magistrate Courts. These courts handle less serious misdemeanor cases, including what are called "petty offenses." In addition, complaints are sometimes filed in the magistrate courts before an indictment or information is entered. In these cases, the matter starts in the magistrate courts and later moves to the district court where subsequent proceedings take place.
In the magistrate courts in April the most frequently cited lead charge was Title 18 U.S.C Section 1028 involving "Aggravated Identity Theft". This was the lead charge for 50 percent of all magistrate convictions in April.
White Collar Crime Convictions in U.S. District Courts
In April 2016, 511 defendants in new cases for these matters were charged in the U.S. District Courts. In addition during April there were an additional 0 defendants whose cases moved from the magistrate courts to the U.S. district courts after an indictment or information was filed. The sections which follow cover both sets of cases and therefore cover all matters filed in district court during April.
Top Ranked Lead Charges
Table 2 shows the top lead charges recorded in the convictions of white collar crime matters filed in U.S. District Court during April 2016.
Lead Charge Count Rank 1yr ago 5yrs ago 18 USC 1343 - Fraud by wire, radio, or television 60 1 1 3 More 18 USC 1344 - Bank Fraud 40 2 4 1 More 18 USC 641 - Public money, property or records 39 3 5 5 More 18 USC 371 - Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud US 33 4 2 4 More 18 USC 1029 - Fraud and related activity - access devices 33 4 8 8 More 18 USC 1341 - Mail Fraud - Frauds and swindles 32 6 6 2 More 18 USC 1349 - Mail Fraud - Attempt and Conspiracy 31 7 3 7 More 08 USC 1324 - Bringing in and harboring certain aliens 28 8 19 54 More 18 USC 1347 - Health Care Fraud 24 9 9 11 More 26 USC 7206 - Fraud and False statements 20 10 10 9 More Table 2. Top Charges for Convictions
"Fraud by wire, radio, or television" (Title 18 U.S.C Section 1343) was the most frequent recorded lead charge. "Fraud by wire, radio, or television" (Title 18 U.S.C Section 1343) was ranked 1 a year ago, while it was ranked 3 five years ago.
Ranked 2nd in frequency was the lead charge "Bank Fraud" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 1344. "Bank Fraud" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 1344 was ranked 4 a year ago, while it was ranked 1 five years ago.
Ranked 3rd was "Public money, property or records" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 641. "Public money, property or records" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 641 was ranked 5 a year ago, while it was ranked 5 five years ago.
Among these top ten lead charges, the one showing the greatest increase in convictions — up 25.4 percent — compared to one year ago was Title 18 U.S.C Section 1029 that involves " Fraud and related activity - access devices ". Compared to five years ago, the largest increase — 460 percent — was registered for convictions under " Bringing in and harboring certain aliens " (Title 8 U.S.C Section 1324 ).
Again among the top ten lead charges, the one showing the sharpest decline in convictions compared to one year ago — down 28.2 percent — was " Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud US " (Title 18 U.S.C Section 371 ). Compared to five years ago, the most significant decline in convictions — 37.6 percent — was for convictions where the lead charge was " Bank Fraud " (Title 18 U.S.C Section 1344 ).
Top Ranked Judicial Districts
In April 2016 the Justice Department said the government obtained 192.3 white collar crime convictions for every ten million people in the United States.
Understandably, there is great variation in the per capita number of white collar crime convictions in each of the nation's ninety-four federal judicial districts.
The districts registering the largest number of convictions per capita for these matters last month are shown in Table 3. Districts must have at least 5 white collar crime convictions to receive a ranking.
Judicial District Percapita Count Rank 1yr ago 5yrs ago W Virg, N 1,290 10 1 58 67 More Fla, S 774 46 2 1 1 More Mo, E 737 18 3 28 14 More Arizona 642 36 4 5 40 More La, W 610 11 5 65 38 More N Car, E 398 13 6 53 32 More Ken, E 383 7 7 53 71 More Texas, N 340 20 8 10 13 More Mich, E 335 18 9 18 38 More N. Y., E 304 21 10 23 12 More Table 3. Top 10 Districts (per ten million people)
The Northern District of West Virginia (Wheeling) — with 1290 convictions as compared with 192.3 convictions per ten million population in the United States — was the most active during April 2016.
The Southern District of Florida (Miami) ranked 2nd. The Southern District of Florida (Miami) was ranked 1 a year ago, while it was ranked 1 for most frequent use five years ago.
Eastern District of Missouri (St. Louis) is now ranking 3rd.
Recent entrants to the top 10 list were Eastern District of Michigan (Detroit), now ranked 9th , and Eastern District of New York (Brooklyn) at 10th In the same order, these districts ranked 18th and 23rd one year ago and 38th and 12th five years ago.
The federal judicial district which showed the greatest growth in the rate of white collar crime convictions compared to one year ago — 136.2 percent — was Eastern District of Missouri (St. Louis). Compared to five years ago, the district with the largest growth — 150 percent — was Eastern District of Michigan (Detroit).
In the last year, the judicial District Court recording the largest drop in the rate of white collar crime convictions — 29.6 percent — was Arizona . But over the past five years, Western District of Louisiana (Shreveport) showed the largest drop — 36.1 percent.
Top Ranked District Judges
At any one time, there are about 680 federal District Court judges working in the United States. The judges recorded with the largest number of new white collar crime crime cases resulting in convictions of this type during April 2016 are shown in Table 4.
Judge Count Rank 1yr ago 5yrs ago Wake, Neil Vincent Arizona 28 1 1 495 More Boyko, Christopher A. Ohio, N 9 2 266 159 More Moreno, Federico A. Fla, S 7 3 41 159 More Foote, Elizabeth Erny La, W 7 3 350 - More Batten, Timothy C., Sr. Ga, N 6 5 41 54 More Friedman, Bernard A. Mich, E 6 5 56 648 More Dever, James C., III N Car, E 6 5 200 124 More Fitzgerald, Michael Walter Cal, C 5 8 463 - More Reeves, Danny C. Ken, E 5 8 200 218 More White, Ronnie Lee Mo, E 5 8 - - More Lindsay, Sam A. Texas, N 5 8 41 24 More Lynn, Barbara M. Texas, N 5 8 266 89 More Groh, Gina Marie W Virg, N 5 8 158 - More Table 4. Top Ten Judges
A total of 10 out of the "top ten" judges were in districts which were in the top ten with the largest number of white collar crime convictions per capita, while the remaining 3 judges were from other districts. (Because of ties, there were a total of 13 judges in the "top ten" rankings.)
Judge Neil Vincent Wake in the District of Arizona ranked 1st with 28 convicted in white collar crime convictions. Judge Wake also appeared in the top ten rankings one year ago (ranked 1).
Judge Christopher A. Boyko in the Northern District of Ohio (Cleveland) ranked 2nd with 9 convicted in white collar crime convictions.
Judges Federico A. Moreno in the Southern District of Florida (Miami) and Elizabeth Erny Foote in the Western District of Louisiana (Shreveport) ranked 3rd with 7 convicted in white collar crime convictions.
Report Generated: June 10, 2016
