Prosecutions for August 2016
Referring Agency: Internal Revenue Service
102 |
59.4 |
-34.2 |
-21.4 |
-22.7 |
Table 1. Criminal Prosecutions
The latest available data from the Justice Department show that during August 2016 the government reported 102 new prosecutions for these matters. Those cases were referred by the Internal Revenue Service.
According to the case-by-case information analyzed by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC), this number is up 59.4 percent over the previous month.
The comparisons of the number of defendants charged are based on case-by-case information obtained by TRAC under the Freedom of Information Act from the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (see Table 1).
When monthly 2016 prosecutions of this type are compared with those of the same period in
the previous year, the number of filings was down (-34.2%).
Prosecutions over the past year are still much lower than they were five years ago.
Overall, the data show that prosecutions of this type are down 21.4 percent from levels reported in 2011.
Figure 1. Monthly Trends in Prosecutions
The decrease from the levels five years ago in prosecutions for these matters is shown more clearly in Figure 1.
The vertical bars in Figure 1
represent the number of prosecutions of this type recorded on a month-to-month
basis. Where a prosecution was initially filed in U.S. Magistrate Court and then transferred to the U.S. District Court,
the magistrate filing date was used since this provides an earlier indicator of actual trends.
The superimposed line on the bars plots the six-month moving average so
that natural fluctuations are smoothed out. The one and five-year rates of change in Table 1 and in the sections that follow are all based upon this six-month moving average. To view trends year-by-year rather than month-by-month, see TRAC's annual report series for a broader picture.
Cases were classified by prosecutors into more specific types.
The largest number of prosecutions of these matters in August 2016 was for "Fraud-Tax", accounting for 51 percent of prosecutions. Prosecutions were also filed for "Withheld by Govt from TRAC (FOIA challen" (24.5%), "Drugs-Organized Crime Task Force" (2.9%), "Fraud-Consumer" (2.9%), "Fraud-Identity Theft-Aggravated" (2.9%), "Fraud-Other" (2.9%).
See Figure 2.
Figure 2. Specific Types of Prosecutions
Prosecutions in U.S. Magistrate Courts
Top Ranked Lead Charges
In August 2016, 3 defendants
in cases for these matters were
filed in U.S. Magistrate Courts. These courts handle less serious
misdemeanor cases, including what are called "petty offenses." In
addition, complaints are sometimes filed in the magistrate courts before
an indictment or information is entered. In these cases, the matter
starts in the magistrate courts and later moves to the district court
where subsequent proceedings take place.
In the magistrate courts in August the most frequently cited lead charge was
Title 18 U.S.C Section 371 involving "Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud US". This was the lead charge
for 33.3 percent of all magistrate filings in August.
Prosecutions in U.S. District Courts
In August 2016, 99 defendants in new cases
for these matters were charged in the U.S. District Courts. In addition during August there
were an additional 1 defendants whose cases moved from the magistrate
courts to the U.S. district courts after an indictment or information
was filed. The sections which follow cover both sets of cases and
therefore cover all matters filed in district court during August.
Top Ranked Lead Charges
Table 2 shows the top lead charges recorded in the prosecutions of matters
filed in U.S. District Court during August 2016 referred by the Internal Revenue Service.
Table 2. Top Charges Filed
"Fraud and False statements" (Title 26 U.S.C Section 7206) was the most frequent recorded lead charge.
Ranked 2nd in frequency was the lead charge "Attempt to evade or defeat tax" under Title 26 U.S.C Section 7201.
Ranked 3rd was "Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud US" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 371.
Top Ranked Judicial Districts
In August 2016 the Justice Department said the government brought 37.3 prosecutions for every ten million people in the United States.
Understandably, there is great variation in the number of prosecutions that are filed in each of the nation's ninety-four federal judicial districts.
The districts registering the
largest number of prosecutions of this type last month are shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Top 10 Districts
The Central District of California (Los Angeles) — with 7 prosecutions — was the most active during August 2016.
The Northern District of Illinois (Chicago) and Southern District of New York (Manhattan) ranked 2nd.
Top Ranked District Judges
At any one time, there are about 680 federal District Court judges working in the United States. The judges recorded with the largest number of new crime cases of this type during August 2016 are shown in Table 4.
A total of 6 out of the "top ten" judges were in districts which were in the top ten with the largest number of filings , while the remaining 5 judges were from other districts. (Because of ties, there were a total of 11 judges in the "top ten" rankings.)
Judges Katherine Bolan Forrest in the Southern District of New York (Manhattan) and Michael H. Watson in the Southern District of Ohio (Cincinnati) ranked 1st with 4 defendants in cases.
Judges Daniel T. K. Hurley in the Southern District of Florida (Miami), James Carroll Fox in the Eastern District of North Carolina (Raleigh), Marco Antonio Hernandez in the District of Oregon and Arthur J. Schwab in the Western District of Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh) ranked 3rd with 3 defendants in cases.
Report Generated: October 21, 2016