Prosecutions for December 2016
9,397 |
-5.5 |
-13.3 |
-24.4 |
-29.3 |
Table 1. Criminal Prosecutions
The latest available data from the Justice Department show that during December 2016 the government reported 9397 new prosecutions.
According to the case-by-case information analyzed by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC), this number is down 5.5 percent over the previous month.
The comparisons of the number of defendants charged are based on case-by-case information obtained by TRAC under the Freedom of Information Act from the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (see Table 1).
When monthly 2016 prosecutions of this type are compared with those of the same period in
the previous year, the number of filings was down (-13.3%).
Prosecutions over the past year are still much lower than they were five years ago.
Overall, the data show that prosecutions of this type are down 24.4 percent from levels reported in 2011.
Figure 1. Monthly Trends in Prosecutions
The decrease from the levels five years ago in prosecutions for these matters is shown more clearly in Figure 1.
The vertical bars in Figure 1
represent the number of prosecutions of this type recorded on a month-to-month
basis. Where a prosecution was initially filed in U.S. Magistrate Court and then transferred to the U.S. District Court,
the magistrate filing date was used since this provides an earlier indicator of actual trends.
The superimposed line on the bars plots the six-month moving average so
that natural fluctuations are smoothed out. The one and five-year rates of change in Table 1 and in the sections that follow are all based upon this six-month moving average. To view trends year-by-year rather than month-by-month, see TRAC's annual report series for a broader picture.
Cases were classified by prosecutors into more specific types.
The largest number of prosecutions of these matters in December 2016 was for "Immigration", accounting for 51.1 percent of prosecutions. Prosecutions were also filed for "Drugs-Drug Trafficking" (12%), "Withheld by Govt from TRAC (FOIA challen" (8.6%), "Weapons-Operation Triggerlock Major" (5.4%), "Other Criminal Prosecutions" (3.9%), "Assimilated Crimes" (3%), "Drugs-Organized Crime Task Force" (2.8%).
See Figure 2.
The lead investigative agency for prosecutions in December 2016
was DHS accounting for 58 percent of prosecutions referred.
Other agencies with substantial numbers of referrals were:
FBI (11% ), DEA (8%), ATF (6%), Defense (3%).
See Figure 3.
Figure 2. Specific Types of Prosecutions
Figure 3. Prosecutions by Investigative Agency
Prosecutions in U.S. Magistrate Courts
Top Ranked Lead Charges
In December 2016, 5655 defendants
in cases for these matters were
filed in U.S. Magistrate Courts. These courts handle less serious
misdemeanor cases, including what are called "petty offenses." In
addition, complaints are sometimes filed in the magistrate courts before
an indictment or information is entered. In these cases, the matter
starts in the magistrate courts and later moves to the district court
where subsequent proceedings take place.
In the magistrate courts in December the most frequently cited lead charge was
Title 8 U.S.C Section 1325 involving "Entry of alien at improper time or place; etc.". This was the lead charge
for 41.7 percent of all magistrate filings in December.
Other frequently prosecuted lead charges include: "08 USC 1326 - Reentry of deported alien" (25.6%).
Prosecutions in U.S. District Courts
In December 2016, 3742 defendants in new cases
for these matters were charged in the U.S. District Courts. In addition during December there
were an additional 1813 defendants whose cases moved from the magistrate
courts to the U.S. district courts after an indictment or information
was filed. The sections which follow cover both sets of cases and
therefore cover all matters filed in district court during December.
Top Ranked Lead Charges
Table 2 shows the top lead charges recorded in the prosecutions of matters
filed in U.S. District Court during December 2016.
Table 2. Top Charges Filed
"Reentry of deported alien" (Title 8 U.S.C Section 1326) was the most frequent recorded lead charge.
"Reentry of deported alien" (Title 8 U.S.C Section 1326) was ranked 1 a year ago, while it was ranked 1 five years ago.
Ranked 2nd in frequency was the lead charge "Drug Abuse Prevention & Control-Prohibited acts A" under Title 21 U.S.C Section 841.
"Drug Abuse Prevention & Control-Prohibited acts A" under Title 21 U.S.C Section 841 was ranked 2 a year ago, while it was ranked 2 five years ago.
Ranked 3rd was "Firearms; Unlawful acts" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 922.
"Firearms; Unlawful acts" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 922 was ranked 4 a year ago, while it was ranked 4 five years ago.
Among these top ten lead charges, the one showing the greatest
increase in prosecutions — up 19.8 percent — compared to one year ago was Title 8 U.S.C Section 1324
that involves " Bringing in and harboring certain aliens ".
This was the same statute that had the largest increase — 26.7 % — when compared with five years ago.
Again among the top ten lead charges, the one showing the sharpest
decline in prosecutions compared to one year ago — down 25.8 percent — was
" Public money, property or records " (Title 18 U.S.C Section 641 ).
Compared to five years ago, the most significant decline in prosecutions — 49.2 percent — was
for filings where the lead charge was " Importation of controlled substances " (Title 21 U.S.C Section 952 ).
Top Ranked Judicial Districts
In December 2016 the Justice Department said the government brought 2073.9 prosecutions for every ten million people in the United States.
Understandably, there is great variation in the per capita number of prosecutions that are filed in each of the nation's ninety-four federal judicial districts.
The districts registering the
largest number of prosecutions per capita for these matters last month are shown in Table 3.
Districts must have at least 5 prosecutions to receive a ranking.
17,841 |
310 |
1 |
3 |
5 |
More |
11,035 |
320 |
2 |
5 |
2 |
More |
10,282 |
598 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
More |
7,153 |
565 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
More |
7,108 |
50 |
5 |
40 |
40 |
More |
7,065 |
402 |
6 |
4 |
3 |
More |
4,820 |
27 |
7 |
72 |
65 |
More |
4,447 |
58 |
8 |
63 |
62 |
More |
4,271 |
30 |
9 |
60 |
58 |
More |
4,123 |
32 |
10 |
69 |
71 |
More |
Table 3. Top 10 Districts (per ten million people)
The District of New Mexico — with 17841 prosecutions as compared with 2073.9 prosecutions per ten million population in the United States — was the most active during December 2016.
The District of New Mexico was ranked 3 a year ago, while it was ranked 5 for most frequent use five years ago.
The Southern District of California (San Diego) ranked 2nd.
The Southern District of California (San Diego) was ranked 5 a year ago, while it was ranked 2 for most frequent use five years ago.
Western District of Texas (San Antonio) is now ranking 3rd.
The Western District of Texas (San Antonio) was ranked 2 a year ago, while it was ranked 1 for most frequent use five years ago.
Recent entrants to the top 10 list were
South Dakota , now ranked
5th
, and Southern District of Alabama (Mobile)
at 9th
In the same order, these districts ranked 40th and 60th one year ago and 40th and 58th five years ago.
The federal judicial district which showed the greatest growth
in the rate of prosecutions compared to one year ago — 30.1 percent — was
Eastern District of Washington (Spokane).
Compared to five years ago, the district with the largest growth — 33.7 percent — was
New Mexico .
In the last year, the judicial District Court recording the
largest drop in the rate of prosecutions — 22 percent — was
New Mexico .
But over the past five years,
Southern District of California (San Diego)
showed the largest drop — 54.2 percent.
Top Ranked District Judges
At any one time, there are about 680 federal District Court judges working in the United States. The judges recorded with the largest number of new crime cases of this type during December 2016 are shown in Table 4.
All 10 of the "top ten" judges were in districts which were in the top ten with the largest number of filings per capit.
Judge Alia M. Moses in the Western District of Texas (San Antonio) ranked 1st with 149 defendants in cases.
Judge Moses appeared in the top ten rankings one year (ranked 1) and five years ago (rank 1).
Judge Robert A. Junell in the Western District of Texas (San Antonio) ranked 2nd with 95 defendants in cases.
Judge Junell appeared in the top ten rankings one year (ranked 9) and five years ago (rank 2).
Judges Robert C. Brack in the District of New Mexico and Jose Rolando Olvera, Jr. in the Southern District of Texas (Houston) ranked 3rd with 80 defendants in cases.
Judge Brack also appeared in the top ten rankings one year ago (ranked 2).Judge Olvera also appeared in the top ten rankings one year ago (ranked 6).
Report Generated: January 20, 2017