Immigration Convictions for March 2009
The latest available data from the Justice Department show that during March 2009 the government reported 7929 new immigration convictions. According to the case-by-case information analyzed by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC), this number is up 12.3% over the previous month.
The comparisons of the number of defendants convicted for immigration-related offenses are based on case-by-case information obtained by TRAC under the Freedom of Information Act from the Executive Office for United States Attorneys. (See Table 1)
When monthly 2009 convictions of this type are compared with those of the same period in the previous year, the number of convictions was up (60.3 percent). Convictions over the past year are still much higher than they were five years ago. Overall, the data show that convictions of this type are up 236.6 percent from levels reported in 2004.
The substantial growth in these cases is partly related to increases in the matters filed in U.S. Magistrate Courts. If magistrate cases are excluded and only Federal District Court cases are counted, the overall increase in immigration convictions is 76.2 percent instead of 236.6 percent. The evidence suggests that part of the difference may be the result of improvements in the recording of the magistrate cases by the Justice Department.
The increase from the levels five years ago in immigration convictions for these matters is shown more clearly in Figure 1. The vertical bars in Figure 1 represent the number of immigration convictions of this type recorded on a month-to-month basis. The superimposed line on the bars plots the six-month moving average so that natural fluctuations are smoothed out. The one and five-year rates of change in Table 1 and in the sections that follow are all based upon this six-month moving average. To view trends year-by-year rather than month-by-month, see TRAC's annual report series for a broader picture.
Virtually all federal criminal convictions for immigration offenses in March 2009 (99 percent) were referred by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The two lead investigative agencies in DHS are Customs and Border Protection (CBP) whose border patrol agencies guard the county's borders, and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), responsible for conducting most immigration criminal investigations under the immigration laws. See Figure 2.
Immigration Convictions in U.S. Magistrate Courts
Top Ranked Lead Charges
In March 2009, 69 percent of immigration cases for these matters took place in U.S. Magistrate Courts which handle less serious misdemeanor cases, including what are called "petty offenses." In the magistrate courts in March the most frequently cited lead charge was Title 8 U.S.C Section 1325 involving the "Entry of alien at improper time or place; etc.". This was the lead charge for 89.3 percent of all magistrate convictions in March.
Other frequently prosecuted lead charges include: "8 USC 1326 - Reentry of deported alien" (8.1%).
Immigration Convictions in U.S. District Courts
Top Ranked Lead Charges
Table 2 shows the top lead charges recorded in the convictions of immigration matters filed in U.S. District Court during March 2009.
Lead Charge Count Rank 1yr ago 5yrs ago 8 USC 1326 - Reentry of deported alien 1,687 1 1 1 More 8 USC 1324 - Bringing in and harboring certain aliens 332 2 2 2 More 18 USC 1546 - Fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and other documents 188 3 4 4 More 8 USC 1325 - Entry of alien at improper time or place; etc. 119 4 3 3 More 18 USC 911 - False personification - Citizen of the US 35 5 6 5 More 18 USC 1542 - False statement in application and use of passport 22 6 8 7 More 18 USC 1001 - Fraud/false statements or entries generally 14 7 7 6 More 18 USC 1028 - Fraud and related activity - id documents 13 8 5 8 More 18 USC 1543 - Forgery or false use of passport 11 9 9 9 More 18 USC 4 - Misprision of Felony 8 10 26 - More
Table 2: Top charges for convictions
"Reentry of deported alien" (Title 8 U.S.C Section 1326) was the most frequent recorded lead charge. "Reentry of deported alien" (Title 8 U.S.C Section 1326) was ranked 1 a year ago, while it was the 1 most frequently invoked 5 years ago..
Ranked 2nd in frequency was the lead charge "Bringing in and harboring certain aliens" under Title 8 U.S.C Section 1324. "Bringing in and harboring certain aliens" under Title 8 U.S.C Section 1324 was ranked 2 a year ago, while it was the 2 most frequently invoked 5 years ago..
Ranked 3rd was "Fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and other documents" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 1546. "Fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and other documents" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 1546 was ranked 4 a year ago, while it was the 4 most frequently invoked 5 years ago..
Among these top ten lead charges, the one showing the greatest increase in convictions—up 300 percent—compared to one year ago was Title 18 U.S.C Section 4 that involves " Misprision of Felony ". Compared to five years ago, the largest increase—258.2 percent—was registered for convictions under " Fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and other documents " (Title 18 U.S.C Section 1546 ).
Again among the top ten lead charges, the one showing the sharpest decline in convictions compared to one year ago—down 26.4 percent—was Fraud and related activity - id documents (Title 18 U.S.C Section 1028 ). Compared to five years ago, the most significant decline in convictions— 29.6 percent—was for convictions where the lead charge was " Entry of alien at improper time or place; etc. " (Title 8 U.S.C Section 1325 ).
Top Ranked Judicial Districts
Understandably, there is great variation in the number of immigration convictions in each of the nation's ninety-four federal judicial districts.
The districts registering the largest number of convictions of this type last month are shown in Table 3.
Judicial District Count Rank 1yr ago 5yrs ago Texas, S 426 1 1 1 More Texas, W 372 2 2 5 More N Mexico 290 3 5 3 More Cal, S 255 4 4 2 More Arizona 195 5 3 4 More Puer Rico 183 6 62 26 More Cal, C 90 7 6 6 More Fla, S 66 8 7 9 More Fla, M 50 9 9 14 More N. Y., S 31 10 19 19 More
Table 3: Top 10 districts
The Southern District of Texas (Houston)—with 426 convictions—was the most active during March 2009. The Southern District of Texas (Houston) was ranked 1 a year ago, while it was ranked 1 five years ago.
The Western District of Texas (San Antonio) ranked 2nd. The Western District of Texas (San Antonio) was ranked 2 a year ago, while it was ranked 5 five years ago.
District of New Mexico is now ranking 3rd. The District of New Mexico was ranked 5 a year ago, while it was ranked 3 five years ago.
Recent entrants to the top 10 list were Southern District of New York (Manhattan), now ranked 10th , and Puerto Rico at 6th In the same order, these districts ranked 19th and 62nd one year ago and 19th and 26th five years ago.
The federal judicial district which showed the greatest growth in immigration convictions compared to one year ago— 2410 percent—was Puerto Rico . This was the same district that had the largest increase— 497.6 %—when compared with five years ago.
In the last year, the judicial District Court recording the largest drop in immigration convictions— 11.3 percent—was Arizona . But over the past five years, showed the largest drop— percent.
Top Ranked District Judges
At any one time, there are about 680 federal District Court judges working in the United States. The judges recorded with the largest number of new immigration crime cases resulting in convictions of this type during March 2009 are shown in Table 4.
Judge Count Rank 1yr ago 5yrs ago Brack, Robert C. N Mexico 140 1 1 3 More Kazen, George P. Texas, S 107 2 2 4 More Hinojosa, Ricardo H. Texas, S 76 3 9 6 More Hanen, Andrew S. Texas, S 56 4 4 7 More Montalvo, Frank Texas, W 56 4 7 45 More Cardone, Kathleen Texas, W 49 6 11 54 More Alvarez, Micaela Texas, S 48 7 5 - More Martinez, Philip Ray Texas, W 44 8 10 11 More Briones, David Texas, W 43 9 8 15 More Tagle, Hilda G. Texas, S 40 10 3 8 More
Table 4: Top 10 judges
All 10 of the "top ten" judges were in districts which were in the top ten with the largest number of immigration convictions .
Judge Robert C. Brack in the District of New Mexico ranked 1st with 140 convicted in immigration convictions. Judge Brack appeared in the top ten rankings one year (ranked 1) and five years ago (rank 3).
Judge George P. Kazen in the Southern District of Texas (Houston) ranked 2nd with 107 convicted in immigration convictions. Judge Kazen appeared in the top ten rankings one year (ranked 2) and five years ago (rank 4).
Judge Ricardo H. Hinojosa in the Southern District of Texas (Houston) ranked 3rd with 76 convicted in immigration convictions. Judge Hinojosa appeared in the top ten rankings one year (ranked 9) and five years ago (rank 6).
