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CITE

    18 USC Sec. 2311                                            01/05/2009

EXPCITE

    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 113 - STOLEN PROPERTY

HEAD

    Sec. 2311. Definitions

STATUTE

      As used in this chapter:
      "Aircraft" means any contrivance now known or hereafter invented,
    used, or designed for navigation of or for flight in the air;
      "Cattle" means one or more bulls, steers, oxen, cows, heifers, or
    calves, or the carcass or carcasses thereof;
      "Livestock" means any domestic animals raised for home use,
    consumption, or profit, such as horses, pigs, llamas, goats, fowl,
    sheep, buffalo, and cattle, or the carcasses thereof;
      "Money" means the legal tender of the United States or of any
    foreign country, or any counterfeit thereof;
      "Motor vehicle" includes an automobile, automobile truck,
    automobile wagon, motorcycle, or any other self-propelled vehicle
    designed for running on land but not on rails;
      "Securities" includes any note, stock certificate, bond,
    debenture, check, draft, warrant, traveler's check, letter of
    credit, warehouse receipt, negotiable bill of lading, evidence of
    indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any
    profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate,
    preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share,
    investment contract, voting-trust certificate; valid or blank motor
    vehicle title; certificate of interest in property, tangible or
    intangible; instrument or document or writing evidencing ownership
    of goods, wares, and merchandise, or transferring or assigning any
    right, title, or interest in or to goods, wares, and merchandise;
    or, in general, any instrument commonly known as a "security", or
    any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or
    interim certificate for, receipt for, warrant, or right to
    subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing, or any forged,
    counterfeited, or spurious representation of any of the foregoing;
      "Tax stamp" includes any tax stamp, tax token, tax meter imprint,
    or any other form of evidence of an obligation running to a State,
    or evidence of the discharge thereof;
      "Value" means the face, par, or market value, whichever is the
    greatest, and the aggregate value of all goods, wares, and
    merchandise, securities, and money referred to in a single
    indictment shall constitute the value thereof.
      "Vessel" means any watercraft or other contrivance used or
    designed for transportation or navigation on, under, or immediately
    above, water.

SOURCE

    (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 805; Pub. L. 87-371, Sec. 1, Oct.
    4, 1961, 75 Stat. 802; Pub. L. 98-547, title II, Sec. 202, Oct. 25,
    1984, 98 Stat. 2770; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXII, Sec. 320912,
    Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2128; Pub. L. 104-294, title VI, Sec.
    604(b)(20), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3507; Pub. L. 107-273, div. B,
    title IV, Sec. 4002(b)(8), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1808; Pub. L.
    109-177, title III, Sec. 307(b)(1), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 240.)

HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

      Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Secs. 408, 414(b), (c), 417,
    419a(a) (Oct. 29, 1919, ch. 89, Sec. 2(a), 41 Stat. 324; May 22,
    1934, ch. 333, Secs. 2(b), (c), 5, 48 Stat. 794, 795; Aug. 3, 1939,
    ch. 413, Sec. 3, 53 Stat. 1178; Aug. 18, 1941, ch. 366, Sec. 2(a),
    55 Stat. 631; Sept. 24, 1945, ch. 383, Sec. 1, 59 Stat. 536).
      The definitive provisions in each of said sections were separated
    therefrom and consolidated into this one section defining terms
    used in this chapter.
      The definitions of "interstate or foreign commerce", contained in
    said section 408 and in sections 414(a) and 419a(b) of title 18,
    U.S.C., 1940 ed., are incorporated in section 10 of this title.
      Other provisions of section 408 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed.,
    are incorporated in sections 2312 and 2313 of this title.
      In the definition of "motor vehicle", words "designed for running
    on land but not on rails" were substituted for "not designed for
    running on rails" so as to conform with the ruling in the case of
    McBoyle v. U.S. (1931, 51 S. Ct. 340, 283, U. S. 25, 75 L. Ed.
    816), in which the Supreme Court held that "vehicle" is limited to
    vehicles running on land and that motor vehicle does not include an
    airplane.
      In the paragraph defining "value" which came from said section
    417 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., words "In the event that a
    defendant is charged in the same indictment with two or more
    violations of sections 413-419 of this title, then" were omitted
    and the same meaning was preserved by the substitution of the words
    "a single" for the word "such."
      Minor changes were made in phraseology.
                                AMENDMENTS
      2006 - Pub. L. 109-177 inserted definition of "Vessel".
      2002 - Pub. L. 107-273 substituted semicolon for period at end of
    third par.
      1996 - Pub. L. 104-294 substituted "Livestock" for "livestock" in
    third par.
      1994 - Pub. L. 103-322 inserted definition of "livestock".
      1984 - Pub. L. 98-547 inserted "valid or blank motor vehicle
    title;" in definition of "Securities".
      1961 - Pub. L. 87-371 inserted definition of "Tax stamp".
                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT
      Amendment by Pub. L. 104-294 effective Sept. 13, 1994, see
    section 604(d) of Pub. L. 104-294, set out as a note under section
    13 of this title.
                       SHORT TITLE OF 2004 AMENDMENT
      Pub. L. 108-482, title I, Sec. 101, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat.
    3912, provided that: "This title [amending section 2318 of this
    title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2318
    of this title] may be cited as the 'Anti-counterfeiting Amendments
    Act of 2004'."
                       SHORT TITLE OF 1997 AMENDMENT
      Pub. L. 105-147, Sec. 1, Dec. 16, 1997, 111 Stat. 2678, provided
    that: "This Act [amending sections 2319 to 2320 of this title,
    sections 101, 506, and 507 of Title 17, Copyrights, and section
    1498 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and enacting
    provisions set out as a note under section 994 of Title 28] may be
    cited as the 'No Electronic Theft (NET) Act'."
                       SHORT TITLE OF 1996 AMENDMENT
      Pub. L. 104-153, Sec. 1, July 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1386, provided
    that: "This Act [amending sections 1961, 2318, and 2320 of this
    title, sections 1116 and 1117 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade,
    section 603 of Title 17, Copyrights, sections 1431, 1484, and 1526
    of Title 19, Customs Duties, and section 80302 of Title 49,
    Transportation, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this
    section and section 1431 of Title 19] may be cited as the
    'Anticounterfeiting Consumer Protection Act of 1996'."
                       SHORT TITLE OF 1992 AMENDMENT
      Pub. L. 102-519, Sec. 1, Oct. 25, 1992, 106 Stat. 3384, provided
    that: "This Act [enacting sections 2119 and 2322 of this title,
    sections 2026a to 2026c and 2041 to 2044 of Title 15, Commerce and
    Trade, sections 1646b and 1646c of Title 19, Customs Duties, and
    sections 3750a to 3750d of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare,
    amending sections 553, 981, 982, 2312, and 2313 of this title,
    sections 2021 to 2023, 2025, 2027, and 2034 of Title 15, and
    enacting provisions set out as notes under section 2119 of this
    title, sections 2026a, 2026b, and 2041 of Title 15, and section
    1646b of Title 19] may be cited as the 'Anti Car Theft Act of
    1992'."
                      SHORT TITLE OF 1984 AMENDMENTS
      Section 1(a) of Pub. L. 98-547 provided that: "This Act [enacting
    sections 511, 512, 553, and 2320 [now 2321] of this title, sections
    2021 to 2034 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and section 1627 of
    Title 19, Customs Duties, amending this section, sections 1961 and
    2313 of this title, and section 1901 of Title 15, and enacting
    provisions set out as a note under section 2021 of Title 15] may be
    cited as the 'Motor Vehicle Theft Law Enforcement Act of 1984'."
      Section 1501 of chapter XV (Secs. 1501-1503) of title II of Pub.
    L. 98-473 provided that: "This chapter [enacting section 2320 of
    this title and amending sections 1116, 1117, and 1118 of Title 15,
    Commerce and Trade] may be cited as the 'Trademark Counterfeiting
    Act of 1984'."
                       SHORT TITLE OF 1982 AMENDMENT
      Pub. L. 97-180, Sec. 1, May 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 91, provided:
    "That this Act [enacting section 2319 of this title and amending
    section 2318 of this title and section 506 of Title 17, Copyrights]
    may be cited as the 'Piracy and Counterfeiting Amendments Act of
    1982'."
        COUNTERFEITING OF TRADEMARKED AND COPYRIGHTED MERCHANDISE;
                    CONGRESSIONAL STATEMENT OF FINDINGS
      Pub. L. 104-153, Sec. 2, July 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1386, provided
    that: "The counterfeiting of trademarked and copyrighted
    merchandise -
        "(1) has been connected with organized crime;
        "(2) deprives legitimate trademark and copyright owners of
      substantial revenues and consumer goodwill;
        "(3) poses health and safety threats to United States
      consumers;
        "(4) eliminates United States jobs; and
        "(5) is a multibillion-dollar drain on the United States
      economy."
          CONGRESSIONAL DECLARATION OF PURPOSE OF 1984 AMENDMENT
      Section 2 of Pub. L. 98-547 provided that: "It is the purpose of
    this Act [see Short Title of 1984 Amendments note above] -
        "(1) to provide for the identification of certain motor
      vehicles and their major replacement parts to impede motor
      vehicle theft;
        "(2) to augment the Federal criminal penalties imposed upon
      persons trafficking in stolen motor vehicles;
        "(3) to encourage decreases in premiums charged consumers for
      motor vehicle theft insurance; and
        "(4) to reduce opportunities for exporting or importing stolen
      motor vehicles and off-highway mobile equipment."