Transfers of ICE Detainees from the
York County Jail
York, Pennsylvania
Detainees Transferred Number last 12 months 8,025 Out of total detained 12,242 Percent change: from previous 12 months 205 % from FY 2005 343 % from FY 2000 646 % Facility ranking on transfers top 2 %
Table 1: TransfersDuring the most recent 12 month period for which data are available, a total of 8,025 detainees were transferred by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) from the York County Jail where they had been temporarily housed to other facilities. The average stay for these individuals before their transfer was 14 days. The use of this facility for the temporary housing of federal immigration detainees was arranged through an intergovernmental service agreement (IGSA) under which payments by ICE to another governmental agency are made for housing federal detainees. Additional information about the arrangement, including whether a private company may operate the facility for the government, was not available at the time this report was posted.
Transfers made up 66 percent of the 12,242 detainees who in one way or another left this facility during the last 12 months. This report focuses just on these transfers. The remaining 34 percent of individuals who departed from the York County Jail last year actually left ICE detention. These individuals were deported from the country, released under supervision while their cases was being decided, or left ICE detention for a variety of other reasons. For more information on this facility please see additional TRAC reports in this series.
This report series is based upon analyses conducted by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC) at Syracuse University of 3.4 million government records tracking each individual who passed through an ICE detention facility during the past decade. The most recent 12 month period for which comprehensive data are available is for April 2007 through March 2008. See About the Data.
How This Facility Ranks Nationally
Detainee transfer rankings. The York County Jail was one of 1,528 facilities that were used to house immigration detainees during the last decade, and one of 654 facilities nationwide that housed ICE detainees during the most recent 12 month period. Of these 654, there were 403 facilities that had at least 10 ICE detainee transfers last year. Excluding those facilities with fewer than 10 transfers, the York County Jail last year ranked in the top 2 percent nationwide in the number of individuals it transferred to other ICE facilities. This means that 2 percent of the locations contributed the same or a larger numbers of transfers, while 98 percent had a smaller number. See Table 1.
Average length of stay before transfer. Once detainees arrived at the York County Jail their average length of stay before being transferred on to another ICE facility was 14 days last year. Ranking facilities from longest to shortest detention stays for their transfer population, this average of 14 days placed York County Jail in the top 40 percent of all facilities nationwide. That is, for detainees who are transferred, 40 percent of ICE detention facilities have the same or longer average stays last year, while 60 percent of detention facilities had shorter average stays.
Trends in the Number of Detainees Transferred
Transfers last year. When the ICE detainee transfers during the April 2007-March 2008 period were compared with those in the previous 12 months, the York County Jail numbers were sharply up by 205 percent. During the previous April 2006-March 2007 period the facility processed 2,628 transfers as compared with 8,025 last year. As detailed in Table 1, transfers last year were also up by 343 percent as compared with the number of transfers (1,810) during FY 2005. Transfers last year were also up by 646 percent as compared with the number of transfers (1,076) during FY 2000.
Longer term transfer trends. Greater detail on these long-term trends in ICE transfers from the York County Jail are displayed in Figure 1. Here the month-by-month number of transfers are graphed against the backdrop of the total detainees leaving the custody of this facility. Transfers are displayed with darker shading while those deported or released appear with lighter shading. As is readily apparent, considerable variation has occurred over time in both the overall numbers of detainees as well as the volume of transfers during this period.
Fiscal Year ICE Detainees Total Transfers Percent 1999 2,091 923 44 % 2000 3,025 1,076 36 % 2001 3,827 1,139 30 % 2002 5,037 1,588 32 % 2003 5,056 2,239 44 % 2004 4,734 2,271 48 % 2005 3,796 1,810 48 % 2006 4,107 1,740 42 % 2007 7,365 3,541 48 % 2008 (est) 18,450 13,636 74 %
Table 2: Detainee transfers from this facility over the last decade
Transfer trends for the last decade are summarized by fiscal year in Table 2. Year-by-year figures for the York County Jail are given for the total number of detainees as compared with the number transferred from the facility. The percent of detainees that end up being transferred from the facility is also given. (As mentioned above, the remaining detainees end up deported, released under supervision, or leave ICE detention for some other reason.) Because data for all twelve months of the most recent fiscal year are not yet available, the FY 2008 numbers (October 2007 through September 2008) are estimated based upon reporting for the first six months.
Origins and Destinations
Were these detainees arrested locally? Where did those that ended up being transferred from the York County Jail last year originate? Information on the place of arrest was not included in the available data ICE released. However, we can examine whether the York County Jail was the first ICE facility in which these detainees were held. According to ICE records, for some (13 percent) of these detainees, the York County Jail was the first place they were sent when they were detained by ICE. The remaining 87 percent had been transferred in from another ICE detention facility.
We can also look at how quickly they arrived at this facility after they were first detained. A total of 40 percent arrived at the York County Jail at some point during the very first day they were detained by ICE. This percentage is also based on an analysis of the most recent 12 months for which data are available.
How soon did transfers occur? Nationally, the median number of days before an ICE detainee is transferred to another facility was 3 days last year. That means that half of all transfers occurred on or before the third day, while half had longer stays before they were transferred on to another ICE facility. Note that nationally the average stay at an ICE detention facility before an individual is transferred is substantially longer - 18 days. This is because while most detainees have relatively short stays before ICE transfers them elsewhere, sometimes stays are lengthy and these lengthy stays raise the average to above the median stay of 3 days.
For the York County Jail last year, the median stay before a detainee was transferred was 4 days. This is longer than the national figure. The average stay before transfers occurred was longer - 14 days - than the median stay. As noted above, this figure placed the facility in the top 40 percent among ICE detention facilities nationwide in the average number of days a detainee spent before he or she was transferred.
Where did those transferred get sent? ICE currently has great discretion about where in the United States transferred detainees are sent. For the period covered by these data, ICE divided the country into geographic regions or areas and assigned each to one of 56 document control offices or DCOs for the purpose of keeping track of detainees. Available data allow us to examine whether the transfer occurred within the same DCO or the transfer was to a different DCO. For the nation as a whole during the latest 12 months, about six out of ten transfers (59 percent) were within the same DCO, while the remaining four out of ten (41 percent) were to a different DCO.
Transfers Facility Profile U.S Overall
Profile (%)Number Percent Within region (DCO) 596 7.4% 59% Outside region (DCO) 7,429 93% 41% Total 8,025 100% 100%
Table 3: Transfer destinations during last 12 months
Figure 2 and accompanying Table 3 provide some comparative figures for how the York County Jail stacks up against this national pattern. Last year, only 7 percent of the transfers from the York County Jail were to locations in the same region -- facilities under the control of same ICE docket control office. The vast majority (93 percent) of the transfers went to detention facilities in a different region (DCO).
Nationalities
Which nationalities predominate? Last year in the United States, individuals from Mexico comprised the largest number of those transferred by ICE. Some 37 percent of all transfers recorded Mexico as their country of origin. The York County Jail had a smaller proportion of detainees from Mexico - 27 percent - among their transfers. However, detainees from Mexico were still the largest single nationality group among the transfers at the facility.
Nationalities Ranked in Top 10 Transfers Total To Diff. DCO % Diff DCO - ALL 8,025 7,429 92.6 % 1 Mexico 2,162 2,053 95.0 % 2 Guatemala 1,176 1,138 96.8 % 3 Honduras 814 807 99.1 % 4 El Salvador 795 776 97.6 % 5 Dominican Republic 736 718 97.6 % 6 Jamaica 310 248 80.0 % 7 Ecuador 309 282 91.3 % 8 Colombia 176 167 94.9 % 9 Haiti 122 117 95.9 % 10 Indonesia 107 100 93.5 %
Table 4: Transfers by nationality during the last 12 months
In descending order, the other top nationalities after Mexico that made up transfers from the York County Jail last year were: Guatemala (15%), Honduras (10%), El Salvador (10%) and Dominican Republic (9%).
For the frequency for each of the nationalities within the top 10 among transfers from the York County Jail last year see Table 4.
Out-of-region transfers by nationality. Within the nationalities that made up those listed in Table 4, the proportion transferred out of the region varied from 80 percent to 99 percent. As mentioned above, on average 93 percent of detainees transferred from the York County Jail were sent to detention locations outside the region.
For Honduras with a total of 814 transfers, 99 percent of transfers were out-of-region transfers. At the other end of the range, 80 percent were out-of-region transfers for the 310 transfers from Jamaica.
