Detainees Leaving ICE Detention from the
Greenfield House Of Correction
Greenfield, Massachusetts
Detainees Deported or Released Number last 12 months 429 Out of total detained 662 Percent change: from previous 12 months 313 % from FY 2005 2424 % from FY 2000 21350 % Facility ranking on detainees top 32 %
Table 1: Number leaving ICE detention
from this facilityDuring the most recent 12 month period for which data are available, a total of 429 detainees housed at the Greenfield House Of Correction left that facility because they were deported, were released under supervision while their cases were being decided, or left ICE detention for one of a variety of other reasons. The use of this facility for the temporary housing of federal immigration detainees was arranged through an intergovernmental service agreement (IGSA) under which payments by ICE to another governmental agency are made for housing federal detainees. Additional information about the arrangement, including whether a private company may operate the facility for the government, was not available at the time this report was posted.
Those individuals who departed from this facility because they were leaving ICE detention made up 65 percent of the 662 detainees housed at this facility during the last 12 months. This report focuses on the reasons these individuals left ICE detention. Sometimes this report speaks of these individuals as those "exiting" ICE detention, or simply as "exits." The other 35 percent remained in ICE detention but were transferred from the Greenfield House Of Correction to other facilities.
This report covers those who left ICE custody. It excludes individuals transferred to other ICE facilities. For more information on this facility, including individuals that were transferred, see additional TRAC reports in this series.
This report series is based upon analyses conducted by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC) at Syracuse University of 3.4 million government records tracking each individual who passed through an ICE detention facility during the past decade. The most recent 12 month period for which comprehensive data are available is for April 2007 through March 2008. See About the Data.
How This Facility Ranks Nationally
Rankings on the number leaving ICE detention. The Greenfield House Of Correction was one of 1,528 facilities that were used to house immigration detainees during the last decade, and one of 654 facilities nationwide that housed ICE detainees during the most recent 12 month period. Of these 654, there were 324 facilities that had at least 10 individuals who were deported or released. Excluding those facilities with fewer than 10 exits, the Greenfield House Of Correction last year ranked in the top 32 percent nationwide in the number of individuals leaving ICE detention. This means that 32 percent of the locations contributed the same or a larger numbers of exits, while 68 percent had a smaller number. See Table 1.
Deportations. Nationally, the most common reason that a detainee left ICE detention was that they were deported from the United States. During the most recent 12 month period for which comprehensive data are available, nationwide 81 percent of those leaving ICE detention were deported or "voluntarily" departed. By way of comparison, a higher percentage of detainees (87 percent) left the country from the Greenfield House Of Correction because they were formally deported, or left under the so-called "voluntary departure" procedure.
Trends in the Number of Detainees Deported or Released
Trends in the number leaving ICE detention. When deportations and other releases during the April 2007-March 2008 period were compared with those in the previous 12 months, the Greenfield House Of Correction numbers were sharply up by 313 percent. During the April 2006-March 2007 period the facility processed 104 "exits" as compared with 429 last year. As detailed in Table 1, numbers last year were also up greatly as compared with the number of those leaving ICE detention (17) during FY 2005. Exits last year were also up by 21,350 percent as compared with the number of exits (2) during FY 2000.
Longer term exit trends. Greater detail on these long-term trends for those leaving ICE detention from the Greenfield House Of Correction are displayed in Figure 1. Here the month-by-month number of exits are graphed against the backdrop of the total detainees leaving the custody of this facility. Exits are displayed with darker shading while those transferred appear with lighter shading. As is readily apparent, considerable variation has occurred over time in both the overall numbers of detainees as well as the volume leaving ICE detention during this period.
Exit trends are also summarized by fiscal year in Table 2. Year-by-year figures for the Greenfield House Of Correction are given for the total number of detainees as compared with those leaving ICE detention from the facility. The percent of detainees that left ICE detention is also given. (As mentioned above, the remaining detainees were transferred to another ICE detention facility.) Because data for all twelve months of the most recent fiscal year are not yet available, the FY 2008 numbers (October 2007 through September 2008) are estimated based upon reporting for the first six months.
Were Detained Individuals from the Local Area?
Information on the place of arrest was not included in the available data ICE released. However, we can examine whether the Greenfield House Of Correction was the first ICE facility in which these detainees were held. According to ICE records, for a substantial proportion (43 percent) of these detainees, the Greenfield House Of Correction was the first place they were sent when they were detained by ICE. The remaining 57 percent had been transferred in from another ICE detention facility.
We can also look at how quickly they arrived at this facility after they were first detained. A total of 44 percent arrived at the Greenfield House Of Correction at some point during the very first day they were detained by ICE. There was considerable variability among detainees in the number of detention facilities they had been held in before they were finally deported or released from this facility. The number of facilities ranged as high as 8 separate locations for some detainees. These figures again are based on an analysis of the most recent 12 months for which data are available.
For the United States as a whole, last year the typical detainee stayed in two different ICE detention facilities before being deported or released - half stayed in 2 or fewer facilities, and half stayed in 2 or more. The average number of ICE facilities detainees moved through was 1.9. Detainees at the Greenfield House Of Correction on average had stayed at somewhat fewer (1.9) ICE facilities.
Reason Left ICE Facility Profile U.S Profile Number Percent Percent Deported/Removed 374 87 % 72 % Orders of Recognizance or Supervision 30 7 % 5 % Bonded out 18 4 % 8 % U.S. Marshal or Other Agency 6 1 % 3 % Voluntary departure 1 0 % 10 % Died 0 . 0 % Escaped 0 . 0 % Paroled 0 . 0 % Proceedings Terminated 0 . 2 % Withdrawal 0 . 1 % Total 429 100 % 100 %
Table 3: Reasons individuals left ICE detention during the last 12 months
Why Did Detainees Leave ICE Detention?
ICE records one of twenty-three reasons a detainee left ICE detention. As shown in Table 3, these reasons fall into ten general categories -- from leaving because one is deported or removed, to leaving because one escaped or the individual died while in custody.
Deportation. As mentioned earlier, the most common reason detainees left the Greenfield House Of Correction was that they were deported. A total of 374 individuals (87 percent) were deported or removed from the Greenfield House Of Correction during the most recent 12 month period for which data are available. (ICE data did not distinguish between deportations and removals, and the terms are used interchangeably in this report.)
Orders. Orders are additional mechanisms that are sometimes used to release a person while their case is pending, or awaiting removal. Under an "order of recognizance" an individual is released with reporting conditions while in deportation proceedings and awaiting a final decision. A second type of order ("order of supervision") releases an individual after a final order of removal. Here an individual is released because ICE has not met the time limits the law imposes for deporting the individual. There were 30 (7 percent) who left the Greenfield House Of Correction detention for these reasons: none with an order of recognizance, and 30 with orders of supervision.
Bonded out. A group of individuals (18 or 4 percent) were also "bonded out." This generally covers situations where the individual posts a bond and is released while awaiting a decision on their deportation (removal) case. The amount of the bond is set by ICE, or by an Immigration Judge. Many individuals are not eligible to be released because their continued detention is considered mandatory under provisions in the immigration laws.
Transferred to criminal custody. A total of 6 individuals (1 percent) left this facility last year because they were turned over to U.S. Marshals or to some other government agency. This typically occurs because there is an outstanding criminal case against the individual, or the individual is needed as a material witness in a criminal case.
Escape and death. Nationally, there were 92 individuals who escaped ICE detention during the latest 12 month period for which data are available, and 8 individuals were recorded as having died in detention. No one was recorded by the Greenfield House Of Correction as either escaping or dying last year. Over the past decade, there was also no record of anyone who died or escaped from this facility.
As shown in Table 3, no one was recorded as leaving the Greenfield House Of Correction during the past 12 months for the following reasons: Paroled, Proceedings Terminated and Withdrawal. See "Reasons for Leaving ICE Detention" for a description of these categories.
Comparing Release Reasons Against The National Picture
In many respects release reasons for the Greenfield House Of Correction departed from the national picture. It was the case that a higher proportion left because they were deported from this facility (87 percent) than was true for the U.S. as a whole (72 percent). A lower proportion (0 percent) left this facility as voluntary departures than was true nationally (10 percent).
In addition, differences were seen for individuals released on bond (4 versus 8 percent).
The facility's percentages fell within 3 percentage points of the national figures for all other categories.
Nationalities
Which nationalities predominate? Last year in the United States, individuals from Mexico comprised the largest number of those leaving ICE detention. Some 53.6 percent of all detainees recorded Mexico as their country of origin. The Greenfield House Of Correction had a much smaller proportion of detainees from Mexico - 25 percent among their exits. Detainees from Mexico were not the largest single nationality group among those leaving detention from the facility.
Nationalities Ranked in Top 10 Left ICE Detention Total Deported/
Voluntary
DeparturePercent - ALL 429 375 87.4 % 1 Brazil 110 103 93.6 % 2 Mexico 107 102 95.3 % 3 Colombia 30 30 100.0 % 4 Ecuador 26 24 92.3 % 5 Jamaica 15 15 100.0 % 6 El Salvador 12 10 83.3 % 7 Honduras 11 9 81.8 % 8 Guatemala 10 8 80.0 % 9 Dominican Republic 9 7 77.7 % 10 Peru 6 5 83.3 %
Table 4: Numbers leaving ICE detention by nationality
during the last 12 months
In descending order, the top nationalities that made up those leaving ICE detention from the Greenfield House Of Correction last year were: Brazil (26%) , Mexico (25%), Colombia (7%), Ecuador (6%) and Jamaica (3%). This compared to the United States as a whole where the other top five nationalities after Mexico were Honduras (11.0%), Guatemala (10.0%), El Salvador (8.4%) and Dominican Republic (1.6%).
For the frequency for each of the other nationalities within the top 10 among those leaving ICE detention from the Greenfield House Of Correction last year see Table 4.
Deportations and voluntary departures by nationality. Within the nationalities that made up those listed in Table 4 with more than one individual, the proportion deported or voluntarily departing varied from 78 percent to 100 percent. As mentioned above, this compares with 87 percent for all detainees.
More than one country was tied with the highest rate of 100 percent, where detainees were deported or took voluntary departure. At the other end of the range were detainees from Dominican Republic, where 78 percent ended up deported or were allowed voluntary departure.
